Biology 110

Dehydration Reaction

Assemble monomers into polymers and produces water as a byproduct

Hydrolisis

Breaks polymers into monomers by reintroducing water

Glycoside Linkage

Dehydration reaction between sugars (monosaccharides)

Purines

Adenine and Guanine

Pyrimidines

Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil

Fluid Mosaic Model

Phospholipid Bilayer with embedded proteins (applies to all* plasma membranes)

Endomembrane System

Inner membranes of a cell: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and vacuoles.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesis and Metabolism

Metabolism

Chemical processes of a cell

Golgi Apparatus

Packaging and Distribution of proteins to the cell

Lysosomes

Digestion within the cell

Vacuoles

Storage within the cell

Phagocytosis

The process in which a cell envelops a foreign object

Autophagy

Organelles being digested by the cell

Cytoskeleton

Made of microtubules, micro filaments and intermediate filaments

Amphipathic

Both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic (ex; phospholipid bilayer)

Hypertonic

More Dissolved solute

Hypotonic

Less Dissolved solute

Isotonic

Equally concentrated

Catabolic Reactions

Breaking apart molecules, releasing energy

Anabolic

Use energy to build molecules

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Energy can not be created or destroyed, but it can change form

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Closed system tend toward entropy

Free Energy (G)

Energy available to do work

Exergonic Reactions

Release Free Energy (Can happen spontaneously)

Endergonic Reaction

Require input of free energy to occur (energy released from exergonic reaction can power endergonic reactions)