bio120

which has higher free energy: glucose or glycogen?

glycogen

when glycogen is broken down to glucose, is this a negative or positive delta G?

negative

when glycogen is broken down to glucose, is this spontaneous?

yes

what type of molecule is ATP?

nucleotide

is the reaction of ATP -> ADP + P spontaneous?

yes

which inhibitor binds to an allosteric binding site

noncompetitive

which is being oxidized, Na or Cl?

Na

in the rxn NAD+ to NADH is NAD+ being

reduced

what stage produces the most NADHs?

krebs

what stage uses oxygen

ETC

which process requires oxygen

aerobic

in anaerobic cellular respiration

oxygen is not required, CO2 is produced

in fermentation in yeast cells,

oxygen is not required, CO2 is produced

in fermentation in animals,

oxygen is not required, CO2 is not produced

in the overall reaction of aerobic cellular respiration, what molecule is reduced?

oxygen

in the overall reaction of aerobic cellular respiration, what molecule is oxidized?

glucose

what gives energy to ETC to do active transport

e-

ETC transports H+ from where to where?

intramembrane to lumen

ATP synthasetransports H+ from where to where?

lumen to intramembrane

when ATP transports H+, this is

facilitated diffusion

what accepts electrons from ETC

O2

starting molecule of glycolysis

glucose

what stage produces CO2

transition and krebs

pH of lumen/matrix is higher or lower than inter membrane space?

higher

what’s the stomata/stoma

pores that let CO2 in

chlorophyll a is found in

thylakoid membrane

wavelength of light that the chlorophyll a pigment found at the reaction center in the PSI absorbs is

700 nm

electron donor for PSII is

NADH

electron donor for PSI is

PSII (through ETC)

final electron acceptors from PSI is

NADP+

which ETC is responsible for producing ATP

the one after PSII

pH is higher in the stroma or lumen of thylakoid?

stroma

what molecule combines with CO2 in calvin cycle?

RuBP

which molecule is the ending molecule (produced in **reduction** stage of calvin cycle)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

which molecule is the ending molecule (produced in **fixation** stage of calvin cycle)

Phosphoglycerate

which molecule is the starting molecule of the **regeneration** stage of calvin cycle

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

during light dependent reactions

H2O is split to produce oxygen

\
NADPH and ATP are produced

do plants have mitochondria

yes

do plants carry out cellular respiration

yes

what plants only have the calvin cycle

C3

which type of plants fix carbon at night and then break the molecule back down in the day to do the calvin cycle

CAM

which type of plants fix carbon to a molecule which is shuttled to a specific location in the leaf to do the calvin cycle

C4

which enzyme activates proteins by adding a phosphate

kinase

which enzyme deactivates proteins by removing a phosphate

phosphatase

the following can freely pass through a membrane

hydrophobic molecules

what ligand would bind to a receptor inside the cell

lipid soluble

what ligand would bind to a receptor in the plasma membrane

water soluble

what kind of molecule is a steroid

lipid

steroid hormones would bind to

intracellular receptors

alpha helixes make up this level of protein structure

2

which enzyme produces cAMP

adenylyl cyclase

what does the alpha subunit of the g protein activate?

adenylyl cyclase

which enzyme deactivates cAMP?

phosphodiesterase

how are G proteins activated

eject GDP accept GTP

how are the alpha subunits of the G proteins deactivated

dephosphorylate GTP

how are GPCR activated

ligand binds to GPCR

RTK are

1TM integral

RTK are

dimers