2 - Crime Scene Investigation

Crime Scene

Any place where the crime scene is committed

Crucial piece of evidence

Any object present in the crime scene,

which might be very ordinary before commission of crime, is a _______________

• Primary

• Secondary

Types of Crime Scene (2)

Primary Crime Scene

first criminal activity

Secondary Crime Scene

any subsequent crime scene

• Macroscopic Crime Scene

• Microscopic Crime Scene

Size (2)

Macroscopic Crime Scene

the overall or large-scale view of the crime scene.

Example: the whole room, house, or area where the crime happened.

Microscopic Crime Scene

the small-scale or detailed view of the crime scene.

It focuses on tiny or trace evidence that may not be seen easily, such as hair, fibers, fingerprints, blood droplets, gunshot residue, or glass fragments

• Homicide

• Robbery

• Sexual Assault

• etc.

Types of crime committed:

Homicide

the unlawful killing of one person by another person.

Robbery

the taking of money or property from a person

through force, violence, intimidation, or threat

Sexual Assault

any unwanted sexual contact or act done without a person’s consent.

USES AND INFORMATION from physical investigations:

• Recognition

• Identification

• Individualization

• Reconstruction

4 Steps of Crime Scene Investigation (CSI)

R-I-I-R

Recognition

scene survey, documentation, collection

Identification

comparison testing

Individualization

evaluation, interpretation

Reconstruction

reporting and presentation

First Responder

The first person to arrive at the crime scene, usually a police officer.

Locard’s Exchange Principle

1. A forensic principle stating that every contact leaves a trace.

• Scene Management

• First Responding Officer

• Duties of First Responder

• Securing the Crime Scene

• Crime Scene Survey

GENERAL CRIME SCENE Procedures:

• Information

• Manpower

• Technology

• Logistics

4 Scene MANAGEMENT:

Information Management

organizing and recording all crime scene details and evidence.

Manpower Management

assigning and supervising personnel

involved in the investigation.

Technology Management

using tools and equipment like cameras, computers, and forensic devices.

Logistics Management

providing needed materials, transport, and support for the investigation.

First Responding Officer

• Police officers

• Fire department personnel or

• Emergency medical personnel

• assist

• arrest

• witnesses

• crime scene

• noted

Duties of the First Responder:

• ___ the victim and prevent any changes to the victim.

• Search for and ____ the suspect if that person is still" on scene.

• Detain any _____.

• Protect the ______.

• All movements, alterations, or changes made to the crime scene should be ___ and communicated to the crime scene investigators.

Securing the Crime Scene

The first responder must establish tapes or use any physical barriers

Protecting the Crime Scene

An officer shall be designated as the scene security officer to be responsible for preventing any entrances into the crime scene by curious onlookers.

Crime Scene Survey

Preliminary scene survey or "walk through" should be done

crime scene investigator & first reponder

The _______ and the _______ will usually do the scene survey together

Crime Scene Survey

is the first examination or orientation of the crime scene

by the crime scene investigator

• Taking notes

• Video Recording

• Photographing

• Sketching

• Digital Imaging

Crime Scene Documentation: (5)

Taking notes

A general guideline include the following:

• Notification information

• Arrival information

• Scene description

• Victim description

• Crime Scene team

Video Recording

The following summarizes the process that should be followed for effective video taping of crime scenes:

• Document the recording by use of a placard.

• Begin with the surroundings.

• General orientation of the scene.

• Victim's viewpoint.

• Camera techniques.

• Original videos.

Photographing

To provide a true and accurate pictorial record of the crime scene and physical evidence present

• General or overall photos (with locator images)

• Mid-range photos

• Close-up photos

Photographing the Crime Scene, General to specific guideline: (3)

SLR 35mm

(Camera) is the most common

50-60 mm

Normal Lens

28-35mm

Wide angle lens

Sketching

The final task to be performed

in the documentation of the crime scene

Sketching

It is the assignment of units of measurement or correct perspective to the overall scene and the relevant physical evidence identified within the scene.

• Rough sketch

• Final sketch

Two Basic types of SKETCHING:

• Title or caption

• legend of abbreviations

• symbols

• numbers or letters used

• a compass designation

• case number

• offense type

• victim name/s

• location

• scene descriptor

• date/time of sketch beginning

• sketcher's name(s)

Documentation includes: (Sketch)

Digital Imaging

Provides the crime scene investigator with powerful new tools for capturing, analyzing, and storing the record of the crime scene and its physical evidence.

Digital Imaging

Advantage - instant access to the images, easy integration into existing electronic technologies, and no need for the often-expensive film processing equipment and darkrooms.

Digital Imaging

Disadvantage - issues of court admissibility because of easy image manipulation.