Year 8 - Computer Science - Python

Casting

The process of converting data from one data type to another

Casting on input

Casting user input into int or float so it can be used as a number

Casting on output

Casting non‑string values to strings when concatenating in print statements

Syntax

The grammar rules of a programming language

Mathematical Operators

Symbols used to perform calculations such as + - * / ** // %

Modulus (%)

Operator that returns the remainder after division

Relational operators

Operators that compare two values and return True or False

Boolean

A data type that stores True or False

Boolean Operators

Operators (and, or, not) used to combine or modify Boolean values

Using modulus to check divisibility

Using % to check if remainder is 0 to see if a number divides exactly

Libraries

Collections of extra functions that can be imported into Python

Random library

Provides functions for generating random values

randint

Function that returns a random integer between two values

Math library

Provides mathematical functions like sqrt and constants like pi

sqrt

Function that returns the square root of a number

pi

A precise value of π imported from the math library

Time library

Provides functions related to time, such as pausing execution

sleep

Function that pauses the program for a set number of seconds

If Statements

Code that runs only when a Boolean condition is True

Print Function

Outputs text to the console

Variable

A named memory location that stores a value that can change

Python variable naming rules

Rules: no spaces, cannot start with a number, only underscore allowed as special character

Concatenation

Joining strings together using +

Data types

The format of data stored in a variable (string, integer, float, boolean)

String

A sequence of characters (text)

Integer

A whole number

Float

A number with a decimal point

Input Function

Prompts the user and stores text they enter

Prompt

The message shown to the user when asking for input