Literature and Buddhism | Heian-Kyo Period

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Last updated 5:27 PM on 9/21/25
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11 Terms

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Manyoshu () vs. Kokinshu ()

Manyoshu (759):

  • Not an imperial anthology

  • 4,500+ poems

    • 265 choka

    • 4,207 waka

  • Written in manyogana

  • No preface

  • About intimate feelings & elegies

  • Written by all classes

Kokinshu (905):

  • Imperial anthology

  • 1,111 poems

    • 5 choka

    • 1,102 waka

  • Written in hiragana & kanji

  • Two prefaces

  • About seasons & love

  • Written by only nobility

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Preface

Kanajo, an introduction to writing

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Pros and cons of Heian women rights

Pros:

  • Independence and security

  • Inherit and keep property (own income)

  • Lived in birth homes after marriage

  • Free time for literary and artistic pursuits

  • Love affairs

Cons:

  • Inferior to men, could not be reborn as a higher being without being reborn as a man first

  • Confucianism’s Three Obediences: fathers, brothers, husbands

  • Immobile and sedentary life behind screens

  • Husbands could have affairs

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Sei Shonagon ()

  • Served at the court of Emperor Ichijo’s consort, Teishi

  • Wrote The Pillow Book (1002)

(966-1017/1025 CE)

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The Pillow Book ()

  • Compilation of observations and musings: lists, diary, and essay entries

  • Characterized by its distinctive prose style and rhythmic, quick, compressed, and varied sentences

  • Zuihitsu genre (prose miscellany, memoir)

(1002 CE)

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Lady Murasaki

  • Lady-in-waiting to Emperor Ichijo’s consort, Shoshi

  • Wrote The Tale of Genji

  • Criticized Shonagon

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Nihon Ryoiki by Kyokai ()

Record of miraculous events in Japan

  • Karma (go): law of cause and effect

  • Rokudo

  • Rebirth in a Pure Land (heaven)

  • Belief in an adherence to ritual

(823)

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Rokudo

6 paths of existence (rebirth)

  1. Gods

  2. Jealous Gods/warriors

  3. Humans

  4. Animals

  5. Hungry ghosts

  6. Hell

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Buddhism during Heian-Kyo

  • Tendai sect

  • Shingon sect

  • Mountain Buddhism

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Tendai Buddhism

Esoteric sect with syncretic viewpoint

  • Founded by Saicho (767 to 822 CE) during his visit to China (803 to 806 CE); sent by Emperor Kammu

    • Founded temple on Mt. Hiei

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Shingon Buddhism

Esoteric sect emphasizing the realization in “this very body”

  • Founded by Kukai (774 to 825 CE) during his visit to China (803 to 806 CE); sent by Emperor Kammu

    • Founded temple on Mt. Koya