Psychology - Motivation Model 26 (PART ONE)

motivation

factors that

1)activate

2)direct

3)sustain

goal-directed behavior

motive

needs or want sthat drive goal-directed behavior

instinct theory

instinctive behavior is genetically programmed

innate patterns of response that are specific to a particular species

Freud believed we have 2 instincts:

1) sex

2) aggression

William James

compiled a list of physical instincts

compiled 10,000 instincts

became too subjective

Clark Hull

Made the Drive Theory

Drive Theory

based off homeostasis

we experienced a need, which shows itself as a drive

need

deprived or deficient of something

drive

body tensions that are related to not having something

primary drive

innate (hunger, thirst, sex)

secondary drive

there because of experience (money)

Arousal Theories (1)

start w/ stimulus motives

stimulus motives

parents instill the idea of stimulus motive in us

what moves us to explore our environment & to manipulate objects

we do not lose stimulus motive as we grow and develop

Arousal Theory (2)

we have stimulation lvls in body

when lvl drops, we look for ways to increase level

stimulation levels...

vary from person to person

Yerkes-Dodson Law

we perform our best when we experience moderate levels of arousal

stress too low

bad performance

too much stress

performance will suffer

incentives

rewards or other stimuli that motivate us to act

incentive theory

our attraction to particular goods or objects motivates most of our behavior

so object has value

Cognitive Dissonance

internal tension caused by thoughts, behaviors, & attitudes that conflict

you may not initially feel that tension

effort justification

we give greater value to difficult goals in order to justify the effort

psychosocial needs

needs that are interpersonal in nature

need to affiliate

belong to a group & have social relationships

there is a spectrum

needs for achievement

need to excel in our endeavours (need to be good and prideful in smth)

driven by motivation

intrinsic motivation

need for internal gratification (self-satisfaction)

extrinstic motivation

desire for external rewards (money, admiration)

achievement motivation

desire for success

parents instill in us

avoidance motivation

desire to avoid failure