BIO61 Grade 11 Practice Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers key concepts from the BIO61 Grade 11 lecture notes, including categories of noninfectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and human population growth dynamics.

Degenerative diseases

Diseases that are the result of the body wearing out or of the natural aging process.

Genetic diseases

Diseases caused by the inheritance of genes that do not function properly in the body.

Metabolic diseases

Diseases that result from an error in a biochemical pathway.

Inflammatory diseases

Diseases in which the body produces an inflammatory response to a common substance.

Cancer

A condition resulting from the loss of regulation in the cell cycle, leading to uncontrolled growth.

Phenylketonuria

An example of a metabolic disease.

Hemophilia

An example of a genetic disease.

Leukemia

An example of cancer involving the blood.

Sickle cell anemia

A genetic disease where a mutation in the hemoglobin gene causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped, less flexible, and prone to blocking blood vessels.

Arteriosclerosis

A degenerative disease where arteries gradually thicken and lose elasticity due to damage and buildup of fatty deposits.

Allergen

A normally harmless substance that triggers an immune response in some individuals.

Rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack the synovial lining of joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and stiffness.

Rheumatic fever

An autoimmune inflammation occurring after a streptococcal infection in which antibodies attack the valves of the heart.

Lupus

A systemic autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies attack healthy tissue in many different organs throughout the body.

Carrying capacity

The maximum population size that an ecosystem can sustain.

PGR% Formula

$$PGR\% = \frac{\text{birthrate} - \text{death rate} + \text{migration rate}}{10}$$

Demographic transition

The change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Zero Population Growth

A condition where the sum of births and immigration equals the sum of deaths and emigration, leaving the population stable.

Age structure diagram

A tool used to identify if a population is growing (wide base), stable (even width groups), or declining (narrow base).

Environmental degradation

A long-term consequence of exceeding carrying capacity where overuse of natural resources damages ecosystems beyond recovery.