Vitamins & Oral Health

Vitamins

Are carbon-based, organic molecules needed by the body in very small quantities to help with metabolic processes and are found in biologic sources

Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA)

Amount of a vitamin thought needed for good health with variances for sex and age

Tryptophan

In order to make Niacin B3 vitamin, it needs to utilize?

Cholesterol compound in skin + Sun

In order to make Vitamin D, it needs to utilize

Carotene

In order to make Vitamin A, it needs to utilize?

Bacteria in Colon

In order to make Vitamin K, Biotin, B5, it needs to utilize?

Vitamin A (Retinol)

• Formation and maintenance of mucous membranes, skins, bones

• Needed for vision in dim light

• Deficiency: Increased infection, impaired vision, inability to see in dim light

• Overdose: Hypervitaminosis, nausea, blurred vision, headache, liver damage, hair lose, dry skin

• Food source: Animal products, liver, butter, cheese, egg, cereals

Vitamin A (Beta Carotene)

• Antioxidant

• Deficiency: Related only to lack of Vitamin A

• Overdose: Lung damage, skin may turn yellow, loss of fertility in women

• Food source: Deep orange yellow and green vegetables and fruits

700 to 900 mcg per day

RDA of vitamin A

Retinol Palmitate

• Absorption and storage

• The liver has enormous capacity to store Vitamina A in the form of ______

Vitamin D (Calciferol)

• Absorption of calcium and phosphorous and for their utilization in bone formation, nerve and muscle activity

• Aids in cell growth, nerve and muscle function

• Sunshine vitamin

• Overdose: Abnormal bone growth and formation, weight loss, deposition of calcium in organs

• Food source: Butter, fish, eggs, milk products

15 mcg

RDA of vitamin D

Rickets

Weak, deformed bones on children

Osteoporosis

Loss of calcium from bones in adults

Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

• Antioxidant

• Reduces the ability of LDL cholesterol to form plaques in arteries

• Anti sterility vitamin

• Food source: Oils and fats, salad dressings, mayonnaise, whole grain, leafy, green, nuts and eggs

10 to 15 mg per day

RDA of vitamin E

Vitamin K (Coagulation)

• Essential in blood clotting process

• Aids in the incorporation of calcium into bones

• Food source: Milk, meat, fish, cabbage, soya bean, potatoes, tomatoes

700 to 900 mcg per day

RDA of vitamin K

Clotting

Prevents hemorrhage only in cases when there is defective production of prothrombin

Decrease synthesis of coagulation factor 2, 5, 7, 9, & 10

• Deficiency of vitamin K

• causes increase clotting time

• Prolong bleeding

• Hemorrhagic condition

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

• Involved in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and fats to convert the major nutrients into calories

• Plays a role in the growth and development of cells and in their functions

• Food source: Pork, trout, black beans, vegetables, bread, cereals, infant formula

1.2 to 2 mg

RDA of vitamin B1

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

• Vitamin B1 Deficiency

• Alterations of the brain structure

• Loss of sensation in the arms and legs

Beri Beri

• Vitamin B1 Deficiency

• Mental confusion

• Loss of sensation in the arms and legs

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

• Help with production of ATP and releasing energy from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

• Plays a role in the growth and development and metabolism of drugs

• Food source: milk products, meat, fortified or enriched breads and cereals

1.2 to 1.7 mg

RDA of vitamin B2

Ariboflavinosis

• Vitamin B2 Deficiency

• Skin lesions

• Hyperemia

• Tissue inflammation

• Angular cheilosis

• Glossitis

• Deterioration of liver and nervous system

Cheilosis

Chapping and fissuring of lips

Glossitis

Inflamed and red beefy tongue

Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide)

• Participates in the conversion of glucose released from food into energy and assists with blood cell formation

• Food source: Yeast, meat, fish, fortified grains, beans, nuts, coffee

14 - 16 mg per day

RDA of vitamin B3

Pellagra

• Vitamin B3 deficiency

• Dermatitits skin, irritation, diarrhea, dementia, death if left untreated

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)

• Serves as a coenzyme that assists with the release of energy from carbs, fats, and proteins

• Fat metabolism

• Anti-Pellagra

• Helps to activate the enzymes needed for vitamin A and D synthesis

• Food source: Natural food, Vegetables, supplements

5 mg per day

RDA of vitamin B5

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

• Plays a role as a coenzyme in the breakdown of carbs and fats for energy production

• Assists with nerve conduction and the immune system function

• Most toxic water soluble vitamin

• Protein/amino acid metabolism

• Food source: chick peas, beef liver, tuna, salmon, chicken breasts, cereals

1.3 mg per day

RDA of vitamin B6

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

• Participates in cell growth in the synthesis of DNA and RNA

• Assists in releasing energy from carbs, lipids, and proteins

• Regulates steady blood sugar level

• Food sources: liver, kidney, eggyolk, milk, tomatoes

400 mcg per day

RDA of vitamin B7

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

• A coenzyme in the synthesis of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA

• Responsible in the metabolism of amino acids

• RDA: 30 mcg daily

• Food source: Beef liver, dark green leafy vegetables

30 mcg per day

RDA of vitamin B9

Megaloblastic anemia

Vitamin B9 deficiency

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

• Used to produce the hemoglobin found in RBCs, DNA and RNA, hormones, proteins, and lipids

• Synthesis and metabolism reaction

• Food source: Almost exclusively from animal foods

2.4 mcg per day

RDA of vitamin B12

Pernicious anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

• Assist in formation of collagen fiber

• Aids with iron and calcium absorption

• Helps in protein metabolism

• Powerful antioxidants

• Most active reducing agent

• Food source: citrus fruits

70 to 90 mg per day

RDA of vitamin C

Scurvy

• Initially seen as fatigue

• Gingival inflammation

• Joint pain, secondary iron deficiency

• Fatal if untreated

• Vitamin C deficiency