Biol 143

This is a study guide for the microscope basic skills and parts , the cell structure and function, and diffusion & osmosis

100x total magnification

What is the total magnification produced by a microscope, using a 10X ocular lens and a 10X objective lens?

Be sure to carry the microscope upright, with one hand on the arm and the other under the base. Always begin focusing with the lowest power lens available. To protect the optics of the microscope, place it down gently and don't drag it across the tabletop. Only use the coarse focus knob with the scanning and low power lenses.

Which of the following describes proper microscope care and technique.

coarse focus knob

Turning which of the following knobs moves the objective lenses the greatest vertical distance?

Resolution

is the ability to see two objects as separate.

 

high power lens

the objective lens that lens is the longest

iris diaphragm lever

regulates the amount of light passing through the slide specimen on the microscope stage?

An increase in magnification causes

a decrease in the field of view, depth of field and working distance

Why must a small object seen through the ocular lens be centered in the field of view, before changing to a higher power objective lens?

to prevent its disappearance due to the decrease in the field of view

A parfocal microscope allows you to quickly focus using the low power or scanning lens and then, to switch to a higher power lens with only a minimal adjustment of the fine focus knob.

true

what does one meter equal to in mm , cm and km?

1000 mm, 100 cm, .001 km

depth of field example

Depth of field is best demonstrated with a slide containing overlapping threads.

letter e slide

When the letter e slide is viewed with the microscope, it appears upside down and backwards.

wet mount

a freshly prepared slide

inverted

Objects seen through a microscope are inverted which means right side up and backwards.

pseudopods

how do paramecium swim

diffusion

is the passive (does not require energy)

higher

net movement of molecules from an area of ____ concentration to an area of lower concentration.

lower

net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of ___ concentration.

osmosis

is the diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane.

All molecules display random thermal motion or kinetic energy.

true

The temperature of a substance is a direct measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance.

true

Water molecules stop moving when water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.

true

At absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.25 degrees Celsius), all molecular motion stops.

true

solution

is a homogenous, liquid mixture of two or more kinds of molecules.

solvent

is a fluid that dissolves substances.

solute

is a substance dissolved in a solution.

A membrane that allows some molecules to pass while retarding others is a ________ _________

semipermeable membrane

Membrane permeability of a solute molecule depends on the molecule's ________ , charge, polarity, and lipid solubility.

size

The random movement of small particles when they collide with moving molecules is called _______ ________

brownian motion

This motion was originally described in 1827 by ____ _____ when he prepared dead pollen grains in water and viewed them under the microscope.

robert brown

the 6 kingdoms

1. eubacteria or bacteira

2. archaebacteria or archaea

3. animal

4. plant

5. protist

6. fungi

eukaryote kingdoms

animal

plant

protist

fungi

prokaryote kingdoms

bacteria and archaebacteria

what kingdom does oscillatoria belong to

bacteria

what kingdom does amoeba belong to

protist

what kingdom does paramecium belong to

protist

what kingdom does paramecium belong to

protist

what kingdom do humans belong to

animal

what kingdom do elodea belong to

plant

cells

the basic unit of life

eukaryotic cells

amoeba, paramecium, human cheek, elodea, onion, potato

prokaryotic cells

oscillatoria

what is a

plasma membrane

what is b

nucleus

what is c

nucleolus

what is d

mitochondria

what is e

ribosomes

what is f

rough endoplasmic reticulum

what is g

smooth endoplsmic reticulum

what is h

golgi apparatus

what is i

centrioles in the cenrtosome

____ cells do not contain a membrane-bound nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

prokaryotic

____ cells contain membrane-bound nuclei and other organelles.

eukaryotic

mucilaginous sheath

surrounds a colony of cyanobacteria, such as Oscillatoria

nucelus

contains the genetic material of a cell

chloroplast

site of photosynthesis in plant cells

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell; where aerobic respiration occurs

cell wall

rigid structure that surrounds a plant cell; mde primarily of cellulose

amyloplast

plastids where starch is made and stored

pseduopod

temporary protrusions of an amoeba that allow movement

cilia

short hairlike structures surrounding a paramecium that allow movement

what is a

plasma membrane

what is b

nucelus

what is c

nucleolus

what is d

mitochondria

what is e

ribosomes

what is f

rough endoplasmic reticulum

what is g

golgi apparatus

what is h

cell wall

what is i

central vacuole

what is j

chloroplast

what kingdom does amoeba belong to

protist

are amoeba unicellular or multicellular

unicellular

are amoeba eukaryote or prokaryote

eukaryote

what helps amoeba swim

pseudopods

what is a

contractile vacuole

what is b

macronucleus

what kingdom does amoeba belong to

protist

are amoeba unicellular or multicellular

unicellular

are amoeba prokaryote or eukaryote

eukaryote

what kingdom do oscillatoria belong to

bacteria

are oscillatoria unicellular or multicellular

unicellular

are oscillatoria prokaryote or eukaryote

prokaryote

what kingdom do paramecium belong to

protist

are paramecium unicellular or multicellular

unicellular

are paramecium eukaryote or prokaryote

eukaryote

how do paramecium move

cilia

The protective, rigid structure that surrounds a potato cell is called ______ _______

cell wall

Plastids in potato cells that make and store starch are called _———

amyloplasts

what is this

potato cell

The lipid bilayer embedded with proteins that encloses the cytoplasm of human cheek cells is called ______ _______

plasma membrane

The organelle that houses the DNA of a human cheek cell is called ____________

nucleus

what is this

human cheek cell

The protective, rigid structure that surrounds an Elodea cell is called ____ _____

cell wall

Organelles in Elodea cells that are the site of photosynthesis are called _______—

chloroplasts

It stores molecules, ions, water, waste products and occupies a large volume of the Elodea cell. _______ ______

central vacuole

what is this

elodea cell

The protective, rigid structure that surrounds an onion cell is called _____ _______-

cell wall

Organelle that houses the DNA of an onion cell is called ________

nucleus

what is this

onion cell