Infant Developmental Milestones (1-12 Months)

Vocabulary-style flashcards detailing the fine motor, gross motor, and toy preferences for infants from 1 to 12 months based on clinical developmental stages.

1-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Hands are predominantly closed; the grasp reflex is STRONG, and the hand clenches on contact with a rattle.

1-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Assumes a flexed position with pelvis high when prone; turns head side to side; has marked head lag when pulled to sitting.

2-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Hands are often open and the grasp reflex is fading.

2-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Assumes a less flexed position when prone; can lift head almost $45^{\circ}$ off the table; head is held up but bends forward when moved to sitting.

Age-Appropriate Toys (1-2 months)

Rattles (to engage grasp reflex), toys without removable parts, and mobiles or play mats.

3-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Actively holds a rattle but will not reach for it; the grasp reflex is absent and hands are kept loosely open.

3-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Holds head more erect when sitting (though it still bobs forward); assumes symmetric body positioning and bears a slight fraction of weight on legs.

4-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Inspects and plays with hands; reaches for objects but overshoots; grasps objects with both hands and shakes a rattle placed in the hand.

4-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Almost no head lag when pulled to sitting; balances head well; able to sit erect if popped up and raises head and chest to a $90^{\circ}$ angle.

5-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Able to grasp objects voluntarily using a palmar grasp and bi-dexterous approach; plays with toes and takes objects to the mouth.

5-month-old Gross Motor Skills

No head lag; sits for longer periods with supported back; can turn over from abdomen to back and puts feet to mouth when supine.

6-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Re-secures a dropped object; drops one cube when another is given; holds a bottle and grasps feet to pull them to the mouth.

6-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Lifts chest and upper abdomen off surface bearing weight on hands; rolls from back to abdomen and sits in a high chair with a straight back.

Age-Appropriate Toys (5-6 months)

Chewable teething toys.

7-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Transfers objects from one hand to the other; uses a unidextrous approach and grasp; rakes at small objects and bangs cubes on a table.

7-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Sits leaning forward on both hands (TRIPOD); sits erect momentarily; bears full weight on feet and bounces actively when held standing.

8-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Starts having a pincer grasp using the index, fourth, and fifth fingers against the lower part of the thumb; releases objects at will and rings a bell purposely.

8-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Sits steadily unsupported.

Age-Appropriate Toys (7-8 months)

Soft books, peek-a-boo toys, and stackable toys.

9-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Uses thumb and index finger in a crude pincer grasp; shows preference for a dominant hand and compares two cubes by bringing them together.

9-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Creeps on hands and knees; sits steadily for $10\,\text{min}$; pulls self to standing and stands while holding onto furniture.

Age-Appropriate Toys (9 months)

Stacking blocks, interactive toys, board books, and push toys.

10-month-old Developmental Skills

Fine Motor: Crude release of an object beginning; grasps bell by handle. Gross Motor: Changes from prone to sitting position; sits by falling down; lifts one foot to take a step while standing.

12-month-old Fine Motor Skills

Attempts to build a two-block tower but fails; attempts to insert a pellet into a narrow-necked bottle; can turn pages in a book.

12-month-old Gross Motor Skills

Walks with one hand held; cruises well; may attempt to stand or step alone; can sit down from a standing position without help.