Lesson 2 - Organic Molecules

Organic molecules are molecules that contains ____

Carbon

A carbon atom can form covalent bonds with _______

Four other atoms

Methane

Ethane

Propane

Octane

Ethanol

Sugar

Macromolecules are the

Combination of organic molecules

This is the building block of a macromolecule

Monomer

A macromolecule is also called

Polymer

The combination of monomers to produce a polymer is by

Covalently joining monomer units

Energy from organic molecules is created by

Breaking chemical bonds

What are the four major classes of organic molecules?

Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, …), Lipids (fat, ..), Proteins (Muscles, hair, nails, enzymes) , Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

____ is a type of carb

Sugar

This is another type of carb

Polysaccharide

This is known as simple sugar, made with one sugar unit (glucose)

Monosaccharide

This is a sugar made with two sugar units (sucrose)

Disaccharide

This is fruit sugar

Fructose

A joining of glucose and fructose makes …

Sucrose (Table sugar)

To make lactose, glucose and ____ are joined

Galactose

These are none as complex carbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Polysacchirdes are made up of ____ or more sugar units

Three

Polysaccharides are used to ….

Store energy

Excess glucose is converted into

Glycogen (complex carb, short term)

Long term conversion of excess glucose is ….

Fat

Polysaccharides can also serve as

Structural support

Structural support polyssacchrides are also known as …. and are non digestible

Dietary fibres

This is a major component of plant cell wall, providing structural support to plants

Cellulose

Lipids are made up of

Carbon and Hydrogen, linked by non-polar covalent bonds

Lipids and water, lipids are….

Hydrophobic

At room temp, fats is

Solid

What is the function of fats?

Long-term energy storage and insulation