Enzymes and Alimentary canal

starch enzyme

amylase

starch digested into

maltose

maltose enzyme

maltase

maltose digested into

glucose

where is amylase produced

salivary gland, pancreas

where is maltase produced

pancreas

amylase site of action

mouth, small intestine

maltase site of action

small intestine

define digestion

the break down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed

amylase and maltase optimum pH

alkaline

protein enzyme

pepsin

protein digested into

peptides

peptide enzyme

peptidase

peptides digested into

amino acids

where is pepsin produced

stomach

pepsin site of action

stomach

where is peptidase produced

pancreas, small intestine

peptidase site of action

small intestine

lipids enzyme

lipase

lipids digested into

glycerol and fatty acids

where is lipase produced

pancreas

lipase site of action

small intestine

where is bile produced

liver

where is bile stored

gall bladder

where is bile released

small intestine

functions of bile

• neutralises stomach acid to provide optimum alkaline conditions for enzymes

• emulsifies fats into smaller droplets to increase surface area for lipase action

define peristalsis

rhythmic contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle to move food through the gut.

function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

• kill bacteria

• optimum pH for pepsin action-2

Villi adaptations for absorption (5)

• covering of the small intestine walls = ↑SA for absorption

• microvilli = ↑SA for absorption

• 1 cell thick walls = ↓diffusion distance

• lacteal = fatty acids and glycerol

• good blood supply of capillaries = ↑concentration gradient for diffusion of glucose and amino acids into the bloodstream