Psychopharmacology Exam 3 Notes

A set of flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to opioids, their effects, dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and treatment options in psychopharmacology.

Opioids

A class of drugs that include heroin, morphine, and prescription medications used for pain relief.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that reduce pain and induce feelings of pleasure or euphoria.

Mu-opioid receptors

The primary type of opioid receptor responsible for the euphoric effects of opioids.

Kappa-opioid receptors

Opioid receptors that primarily produce dysphoria and respiratory depression.

Delta-opioid receptors

Opioid receptors that do not produce dysphoria but can lead to seizures.

Heroin

A highly addictive opioid that is more lipophilic than morphine, allowing it to enter the brain more quickly.

Naloxone

A medication that blocks opioid receptors and is used to counteract opioid overdoses.

Dependence

A condition characterized by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Symptoms such as cravings, anxiety, and bodily pain that occur when opioid use is reduced or stopped.

Methadone

An opioid agonist used in the treatment of opioid dependence, acting as a long-lasting alternative.

Buprenorphine

A partial opioid agonist used for opioid dependence treatment, having more potency but less efficacy than full agonists.

Cocaine

A powerful stimulant drug with increased purity over time, commonly administered intranasally or intravenously.

Crack cocaine

A smokable form of cocaine known for its rapid onset and increased potential for dependence and legal penalties.

Opponent Process Theory of Motivation

A theory that explains how the effects of a drug can create opposite conditioned responses over time.

Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)

An enzyme that metabolizes neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.