geogrpahy end of year

What is globalisation?

Increasing connection between countries through trade communication and culture

NGOs

Non government organisations like charities so everyone can access to products (globalisation)

What ones going global mean

a business, brand, or organization expands beyond its home country to operate, sell, or have a presence in multiple countries around the world. This can include opening stores abroad, manufacturing in different countries, or marketing products to international customers.

Primary data

Data collected by yourself e.g. pedestrian count, you can do that yourself

Secondary data

Data collected by someone other than yourself e.g. newspaper article

What has caused globalisation to increase?

Improved transport, communication, technology and growth of TNCs

What are TNCs

Transnational corporations - companies operating in multiple countries

How does technology drive globalisation?

Faster communication through for example, the Internet or phones and transport like planes and shipping.

What are the benefits of globalisation?

Jobs, economic growth, access to goods, cultural exchange

What are the negatives of globalisation

Inequality, environmental damage, exploitation like sweatshops

What is fast fashion

Cheap, quickly produced clothing responding to trends

Why is fast fashion globalised

Clothes are designed, produced and sold across different countries

What are environmental impacts of fast fashion

Pollution, water waste and landfill waste

Social impacts of fast fashion

Low wages and poor working conditions

What is climate change

Long-term changes in earths temperature and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels

What is the greenhouse effect

Gases trap heat in the atmosphere warming the planet up. The natural greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps the Earth warm by chopping some of the sun in the atmosphere making a planet woman of life in greenhouse effect happens when human activities such as burning fossil fuels and defrosting increase amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide methane, water and nitrous oxide in the air. This means that more heat is trapped in atmosphere than normal which then contributes to climate change. The difference is that the natural greenhouse effect heats the atmosphere with natural processes such as volcanoes and inhaled greenhouse effectively warmed up the atmosphere both human activities e.g. fossil fuels

Main greenhouse gasses

Carbon dioxide me stain water vapour and nitrous oxide.

Causes of climate change

Burning fossil fuels, deforestation and agriculture.

Impacts of climate change.

Rising see Levels, extreme weather and melting ice caps.

Why is renewable energy good for the environment

Renewable energy sources orchid to help climate change because they are clean source of energy. Wind turbines and solar panels are good examples of renewable energy because they use a sun of wind to reduce climate change as they use little to no fossil fuels and emit little to no greenhouse gases into the atmosphere they help our carbon footprint and a good way to mitigate climate change.

International agreements

International agreements are like the power of agreement in 2015. This is when the UFCCC International agreement that all countries will peak the greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible to achieve a balance between sinks and sources of greenhouse gases in the second half of the century to keep global temperatures below 2° on average but preferably below 1.5°compared to pre-industrial times

What is mitigation?

Reduces causes.

What is adaptation

Adjusting to impacts.

what is an ocean trench?

the deep underwater valley formed from subduction zones

What time does affect the Indian Ocean?

Over fishing, pollution, shipping risks, climate change

2 impacts of climate change

Ice melting- species may not be able to adapt to the quickly changing environment due to increasing temperatures. Ice caps will melt leaving animals like polar bears with no habitat which will eventually leave them extinct probably. Sea levels rising - due to climate change sea levels are increasing rapidly which causes erosion and displacement of people which is bad

What economic activities happen in the Indian ocean?

Trade routes, fishing, oil transport

what are some environmental risks in the Indian ocean?

Oil spills, coral reef damage, biodiversity loss

Mitigation examples for climate change

Renewable energy - it replaces fossil fuels so less carbon dioxide is released.

Improving energy efficiency - less energy is used so that means fewer emissions are produced

Public transport - fewer cars so there are lower carbon emissions

Adaption for climate change

Sea walls - protect coastlines from sea level and flooding

Drought-resistant crops - they allow farming to continue in hotter, drier climates

Improved water storage - stores order for times of drought

Early warning systems - people can prepare and evacuate reducing damage and loss of life

What is a sinkhole?

a hole in the ground caused by collapse of surface layer

how do sinkholes form?

Rainwater become slightly acidic and dissolves limestone underground which creates caves so the ground collapses meaning sinkholes form

What is a moulin?

A vertical shaft in a glacier where water flows down

How do moulins form

Meltwater forms on glacier surface and water finds a crack and a road downward which creates a deep vertical tunnel

what is a lava tube

Is a natural tunnel like case which form beneath the surface of a lava flow

How do lava tubes form

After lava cools and hardens and inner lava keeps flowing and lava drains away and leave a hollow tube

What is an ocean trench?

Deep underwater valley

How do ocean trenches form

Two tectonic plates collide and denser oceanic plate is forced under another (subduction) and this creates a deep trench in the ocean floor

What is wildlife poaching?

Illegal hunting or capturing of animals

Environmental impacts of poaching

Loss of biodiversity, species becoming endangered or extinct, disrupt ecosystems

Economic impact of poaching

Reduces tourism income, loss of long-term sustainable revenue.

Social impacts of poaching

Links to crime networks and can reduce local community stability

What is priracy in the Indian Ocean?

Attacks on ships, especially in the areas like Somalia

Economic impacts of piracy

Increase shipping costs because the security and insurance and disruption to global trade

Social impact of piracy

Danger to crew because of kidnapping and violence and loss of livelihoods

Environmental impacts of piracy

Possible oil spills if ships are attacked

what is overfishing?

catching fish faster than they can produce

environmental impacts of overfishing

Fish population decline, damage to marine ecosystems, loss of biodiversity

economic impact of over fishing

future fish stock collapse, loss of fish industry income

Social impacts of overfishing

Threatens foood security, and Can affect coastal communities

what is shipbreaking?

Dismantling old ships often in countries like Bangladesh or India?

What are environmental impacts of ship breaking

Pollution, such as oils or toxic chemicals, damage to coastal ecosystems

economic impacts of shipbreaking

It gets people jobs and supplies cheap as they are recycled materials

social impacts of ship breaking

Dangerous working conditions and health risks for workers