Chem 103 exam 1 material

What is an organic compunds

• always contains H

• may also contain other elements (O,N,S,D, and halogens)

what is the bond angle for Alkanes

109.5 ( also the most stable)

what is the bond angle for alkenes

120

what is the bond angle for alkynes

180

how to know how many bonds a element will form

how many more to reach octete

what is a hydrocarbon

organic compound composed of only C and H

what is the formula for alkanes

C_nH_{2n+2. n= number of C}

what is the formula for alkenes

C_nH_2n

what is the formula for alkynes

C_nH_2n-2

what does a more compact molecule have

less surface area

what does a less compact molecule have

more surface area

what is a cyclic hydrocarbon

hydrocarbon that contains carbon atom joined to form ring

what is a cycloalkane

ciclic hydrocarbon in which all carbons of rings are saturated (have only carbon- carbon single bonds)

what are properties of alkanes

• C-H bonds are nonpolar covalent bonds

• Alkenes are nonpolar compounds, only weak London dispersion forces

• Bolting points are low

• not soluble in water

physical staes which corresponds to number of carbons

• 1-4 carbons = gas

• 5-17 carbons = liquid

• >18 carbons = solid

reactions of alkanes

• combustion(oxidation)

• Halogenation (reaction w halogens)

• reaction with halogens(Br₂ and Cl₂)

what is combustion of alkeanes

includes alkanes and cykloakanes and uses energy

what is cis trans isomer

when there is restricted rotation because of carbon double bonds

cis isomer

same side of double bond (either above or below)

trans isomer

opposite side of double bond (diagonal from each other)