Rad Bio Exam 2

Through which of the following routes can radon enter houses?

All the above

What is the speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum?

3 × 10^8 m/s

What does the effective dose measure in radiation protection?

The overall potential harm to biological tissues and the risk of cancer or genetic damage

What is the equivalent dose in sieverts (Sv) received by a patient during a radiographic exam where they received an absorbed dose of 15 mGy?

0.015

Which of the following was used as the first unit of measure of exposure for ionizing radiation?

Skin Erythema

Which of the following terms describes the amount of energy per unit mass transferred from an x-ray beam to an object in its path such as the human body?

Absorbed dose

What is the radiation weighting factor (WR) for Alpha particles?

20

Which of the following are consequences of ionization in human cells?

All the above

The quality factor (Q) is used in radiation protection to account for which of the following?

The relative biologic damage caused by different types of ionizing radiation

An ionization chamber is primarily used to determine radiation exposure by measuring which of the following?

The electrical charge produced by ionization of air molecules

Which of the following are true regaurding the BERT Method?

All the above

Radiation doses for both patients and imaging personnel will remain well below maximum allowable limits when which practice is followed?

Radiographers and radiologists keep exposure as low as reasonably achievable

The average U.S. inhabitant received an EqD of approximately _______ per year from medical imaging radiation.

3.11 mSv

Which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation? 1. Microwaves 2. Visible light 3. X-rays 4. Gamma rays 5. Ultraviolet radiation

All the options

Which radiation quantity accounts for both the type of radiation and the varying sensitivities of different tissues and organs to provide a measure of overall health risk?

Effective dose

An individual experiences erythema after receiving an acute whole-body equivalent dose. What is the approximate dose?

2.0 Sv

Which biological effect is most likely to occur from an acute whole-body equivalent dose of 1.5 Sv?

Mild radiation sickness such as nausea and fatigue

Radiation weighting factors are used in radiation protection to account for what?

The type of radiation and its relative ability to produce biological damage

Which radiation quantity adjusts the absorbed dose by a radiation weighting factor to account for differences in biological damage based on the type of radiation?

Equivalent dose

What is the radiation unit for Collective Effective Dose (ColEfD)?

Person-sievert

During a routine radiographic exam, a patient received an equivalent dose of 25 mSv to their red bone marrow (0.12). What is the effective dose?

3 mSv

The total kinetic energy released in a unit mass (kilogram) of air and expressed in metric units of joules per kilogram is defined as which of the following?

Air kerma

0.2 Gy equals _____ mGy.

200

Who was the first American radiation worker to die from radiation-induced cancer in October of 1904?

Clarence Madison Dally

Which of the following sources contributes to an individual's natural background radiation exposure?

Radionuclides naturally present within the human body

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate effective dose?

EfD = D × WR × WT

To convert the number of gray into milligray, the number must be:

Multiplied by 1000

Which unit is the dose area product (DAP) usually specified in?

In units of mGy-cm2

Which of the following terms is responsible for any biological damage resulting from exposure of the tissue to radiation?

Absorbed dose

Which of the following types of ionizing radiation produce virtually the same biologic effect in body tissue for equal absorbed doses?

X-rays and gamma rays

In radiation oncology, beta particles are produced in which type of treatment machine?

Linear accelerator

What is the common characteristic of all forms of electromagnetic radiation?

Their velocity

The whole-body TEDE regulatory limit for exposed personnel is _____________ and 0.001 Sv for the general public.

0.05 Sv

In the electromagnetic spectrum, higher frequencies are associated with:

shorter wavelengths and higher energies.

Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient's body surface?

Dose area product

The concept of tissue weighting factor is used to do which of the following?

Account for the different sensitivities of various tissues and organs to radiation

When a radioisotope that emits alpha particles is deposited in the body (for example, in the lungs), what is the primary effect?

Alpha particles are absorbed in epithelial tissue, causing significant damage

Which of the following radiation quantities is used to describe exposure of a population or group from low doses of different sources of ionizing radiation?

ColEfD

During a routine radiographic exam, a patient received an equivalent dose of 125 mSv to their thyroid (0.05). What is the effective dose?

6.25 mSv

Which of the following sources of radiation is/ are human-made? 1. Atmospheric fallout from nuclear weapons testing 2. Cosmic radiation from the sun and beyond the solar system 3. Nuclear power plant accidents as a consequence of natural disasters

1 and 3 only

What is the equivalent dose in milliseverts (mSv) received by a patient during a radiographic exam where they received an absorbed dose of 1.5 Gy?

1500 mSv

In what year did the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) adopt the term "effective dose"?

1991

Equivalent Dose (EqD)

Sievert (Sv)

Exposure (X)

Coulombs per kilogram (C/kg)

Absorbed Dose (D)

Gray (Gy)

Air KERMA

Gray (Gy)

Effective Dose (EfD)

Sievert (Sv)

When exposed to high radon levels in the home, which of the following groups of people have the highest risk of developing lung cancer?

Smokers

What is the total average annual overall radiation equivalent dose for estimated levels of radiation exposure for humans?

5.5 mSv

Of the following radiations, which are classified as ionizing radiation?

Ultraviolet radiation with energy greater than 10 eV, gamma rays, and x-rays

Early tissue reactions of radiation include: Nausea and fatigue Blood and intestinal disorders Diffuse redness of the skin and shedding of its outer layer

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following radiation exposures is considered by the Environmental Protection Agency to be the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States?

Radon exposure

Cataract formation and fibrosis are classified as __________ of ionizing radiation.

late tissue reactions

Radiation workers should try to keep their occupational dose to a minimum. Which of the following adjustments would decrease the absorbed dose to a radiation dose?

Increase distance from the source