Citric Acid Cycle

Stage 1 Action

oxidation of fuels to acetyl-COA

Stage 1 Products

ATP, NADH, FADH2

Stage 2 Action

oxidation of acetyl groups to CO2 in the citric acid cycle

Stage 2 Products

NADH, FADH2, (1) GTP

Stage 3 Action

electron transdermal chain and oxidative phosphorylationS

Stage 3 Products

majority of ATP from catabolism

Stage 1, Step 1 Action

condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate to form citrate

Stage 1, Step 1 Enzyme

citrate synthase

Stage 1, Step 2 Action

reversible transformation of citrate to isocitrate

Stage 1, Step 1 Enzyme

aconitase

Stage 1, Step 3 Action

oxidative decarboxylation of a beta-carboxylate

Stage 1, Step 3 Enzyme

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Stage 1, Step 4 Action

oxidative decarboxylation of an alpha carboxylate

Stage 1, Step 4 Enzyme

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Stage 1, Step 5 Action

synthesis of GTP and succinate

Stage 1, Step 5 Enzyme

succinyl-CoA synthetase

Stage 2, Step 6 Action

reversible oxidation of succinate to fumarate

Stage 2, Step 6 Enzyme

succinate dehydrogenase

Stage 2, Step 7 Action

reversible hydration of fumarate to L-malate

Stage 2, Step 7 Enzyme

fumarate

Stage 2, Step 8 Action

oxidation of L-malate to oxaloacetate, could to the reduction of NAD+

Stage 2, Step 8 Enzyme

L-malate dehydrogenase

Energy released by oxidation is conserved in the production of:

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP/ATP