Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Flashcards

Flashcards covering the vocabulary, leadership, and key concepts of the Land-Based Empires (Qing, Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal) from 1450 to 1750.

Land-Based Empires

Large-scale states that expanded and consolidated power during the period of 1450-1750, including the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, and Qing dynasties.

Qing Dynasty

The 'Pure' dynasty established in 1644 by the Manchus, foreigners from North of China who overthrew the Ming rulers.

Emperor Kangxi

A Qing ruler who expanded the empire by conquering Taiwan and Mongolia.

Emperor Qianlong

A Qing ruler who initiated violent military campaigns in Xinjiang and Tibet and oversaw a period where tax collection was at an all-time high.

Forbidden City

An imperial palace built by the Ming Dynasty in Beijing that served as a form of monumental architecture to legitimize rule.

Tributes

A method used by the Qing Dynasty to demand recognition of their authority from neighboring states like Korea.

Gunpowder Empire

A term referring to the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires due to their heavy reliance on firearms and artillery to conquer and expand.

Mehmed II

The Ottoman ruler who conquered Constantinople and expanded the empire into Italy, Egypt, and Algeria.

Suleiman the Magnificent

The ruler under whom the Ottoman Empire reached its peak, extending territory into Southeast Europe and building a powerful Navy.

Devshirme

The 'Blood Tax' in the Ottoman Empire where Christian boys were recruited by force to serve in the military and government.

Janissaries

An elite Ottoman fighting force comprised of soldiers recruited through the devshirme system who were indoctrinated to be loyal to the Sultan.

Tax Farming

A form of Ottoman tax collection described as corrupt, which placed a heavy financial burden on the peasantry.

Battle of Chaldiran

A conflict between the Sunni Ottoman Empire and the Shia Safavid Empire.

Jizyah

A tax levied on non-Muslim subjects within the Ottoman and Mughal empires.

Shah Ismail

A military hero who conquered most of Persia and established Shia Islam as a unifying force for the Safavid Empire.

Shah Abbas

The Safavid ruler at the empire's height who utilized Christian boy soldiers and relied on European advice for modern weaponry.

Qizilbash

The bureaucratic elites of the Safavid Empire consisting of Shia Turks who owed allegiance to the Shah.

Akbar the Great

The Mughal leader who centralized the government and was known for extreme religious toleration and the removal of the jizya tax.

Zamindars

Mughal government officials in charge of taxation who held Lordship titles and were members of the bureaucratic elite.

Taj Mahal

A tomb built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan for his wife, combining Islamic architectural features with local arts.

Bhakti Movement

A syncretic religious movement in India that emphasized devotion and utilized rituals from both Hindu and Islamic faiths.

Sikhism

A syncretic religion developed in India that combines elements of both Hindu and Islamic faiths.

Divine Faith

A syncretic religion created by Akbar the Great that combined elements of multiple different religions.

Aurangzeb

The Mughal Emperor who reversed Akbar’s policies of toleration, contributing to the eventual decline of the empire.

Twelver Shiism

The specific branch of Islam established in the Safavid Empire by its leadership.