Muscles of Shoulder & Elbow - Kinesiology

Anterior Deltoid

• Origin: lateral clavicle

• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

• Movement: flexion, horizontal flexion, and internal rotation

Middle Deltoid

• Origin: Acromion process

• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

• Movement: abduction

Posterior Deltoid

• Origin: scapular spine

• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

• Movement: extension, horizontal extension, and external rotation

Pectoralis Major

• Origin: clavicular head (medial head), sternal head (sternum & costal cartilage 1-6)

• Insertion: (lateral) intertubercular sulcus of humerus

• Movement: horizontal flexion, adduction, internal rotation

  • clavicular: flexion

  • sternal: extension (from flexion)

Pectoralis Minor

• Origin: 3-5th ribs `near costal cartilages

• Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

• Movement: depresses, protracts, and downwardly rotates scapula

  • accessory muscle of respiration

Biceps Brachii (LH)

• Origin: supraglenoid tubercle

• Insertion: radial tuberosity

• Movement: elbow flexion and supination

Biceps Brachii (SH)

• Origin: coracoid process of scapula

• Insertion: radial tuberosity

• Movement: shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, and supination

Triceps Brachii (LH)

• Origin: infraglenoid tubercle

• Insertion: olecranon process

• Movement: elbow extension, shoulder extension

Triceps Brachii (MH)

• Origin: distal 2/3 of posterior humerus

• Insertion: olecranon process

• Movement: elbow extension

Triceps brachii (LH)

• Origin: proximal posterior humerus

• Insertion: olecranon process

• Movement: elbow extension

Coracobrachialis

• Origin: coracoid process of scapula

• Insertion: middle shaft of humerus

• Movement: shoulder flexion and adduction

Brachialis

• Origin: anterior shaft of humerus

• Insertion: ulnar tuberosity

• Movement: elbow flexion

Brachioradialis

• Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

• Insertion: radial styloid process

• Movement: elbow flexion

Latissimus Dorsi

• Origin: T7-T12 spinous processes, ribs 9-12, iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula and thoracolumbar fascia

• Insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

• Movement: horizontal extension, adduction, internal rotation, extension (and hyperextension)

Teres Major (“little lat”)

• Origin: lower vertebral border, inferior angle of scapula

• Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

• Movement: horizontal extension, adduction, internal rotation, extension (and hyperextension)

Supraspinatus

• Origin: supraspinous fossa

• Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

• Movement: initiates abduction

Infraspinatus

• Origin: infraspinous fossa

• Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

• Movement: external rotation

Teres minor

• Origin: middle vertebral border of scapula

• Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

• Movement: internal rotation

Subscapularis

• Origin: subscapular fossa

• Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

• Movement: internal rotation

Upper trapezius

• Origin: C1-C7 spinous processes, external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and ligamentum nuchae

• Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle

• Movement: cervical extension, scapular elevation, and upward rotation

Middle trapezius

• Origin: C7, T1-T3 spinous processes

• Insertion: acromion process

• Movement: scapular retraction

Lower Trapezius

• Origin: T4-T12 spinous processes

• Insertion: spine of scapula

• Movement: scapular depression and upward rotation

Serratus Anterior

• Origin: ribs 1-8

• Insertion: vertebral border of anterior surface of scapula

• Movement: scapular protraction

Rhomboid Major

• Origin: T2-T5 spinous processes

• Insertion: vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine

• Movement: scapular retraction and downward rotation

Rhomboid minor

• Origin: C7-T1 spinous processes

• Insertion: vertebral border of scapula

• Movement: scapular protraction, depression, and downward rotation