micro final exam diseases

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of whooping cough (pertussis)?

Bordetella pertussis

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of primary pneumonia (pneumococcal pneumonia)?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What are the 2 main bacterial causes of atypical (walking) pneumonia?

1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae 2. Chlamydophila pneumoniae

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of Legionnaires' disease?

Legionella pneumophila

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of tuberculosis (TB) and miliary (extrapulmonary) TB?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

What is the 1 main viral cause of respiratory syncytial disease?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

What is the 1 main viral cause of influenza?

Influenza virus

What is the 1 main viral cause of SARS?

SARS-CoV

What is the 1 main viral cause of MERS?

MERS-CoV

What is the 1 main viral cause of COVID-19?

SARS-CoV-2

What is the 1 main fungal cause of histoplasmosis?

Histoplasma capsulatum

What is the 1 main fungal cause of coccidiomycosis (Valley Fever)?

Coccidioides immitis

What is the 1 main fungal cause of aspergillosis?

Aspergillus flavus

What is the 1 main fungal cause of pneumocystis pneumonia?

Pneumocystis jirovecii

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of paragonimiasis?

Paragonimus sp.

What are the 2 main bacterial causes of cavities (caries)?

1. Streptococcus mutans 2. Streptococcus sobrinus

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of gingivitis, periodontitis, and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

Anaerobes

What are the 4 main bacterial causes of food intoxication?

1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Clostridioides difficile 3. Bacillus cereus 4. Clostridium perfringens

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis?

Clostridioides difficile

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of cholera?

Vibrio cholerae

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of dysentery (food intoxication)?

Shigella dysenteriae

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of amoebic dysentery?

Entamoeba histolytica

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of shigellosis (food infection)?

Other Shigella species

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of salmonellosis?

Salmonella species

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of typhoid fever?

Salmonella Typhi

What are the 4 main pathogenic strains of E. coli that cause GI disease?

1. EPEC (infantile infection) 2. EIEC (acute, severe infection) 3. EHEC (intoxication, O157:H7) 4. ETEC (intoxication)

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of campylobacteriosis?

Campylobacter jejuni

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of "refrigerator food poisoning" (food infection)?

Yersinia pestis

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of gastric ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of listeriosis (food infection)?

Listeria monocytogenes

What is the 1 main viral cause of mumps?

Mumps virus

What are the 2 main viral causes of viral gastroenteritis?

1. Rotavirus (most common in children) 2. Norovirus (most common in adults)

What are the 4 main viral causes of hepatitis?

1. Hepatitis A virus (acute, ingestion) 2. Hepatitis B virus (blood) 3. Hepatitis C virus (chronic; cancer, cirrhosis) 4. Hepatitis D virus (dud, requires HBV)

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of giardiasis?

Giardia lamblia

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of cryptosporidiosis?

Cryptosporidium sp.

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of ascariasis?

Ascaris

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of tapeworm infection?

Taenia sp.

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of trichinosis?

Trichinella

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of schistosomiasis?

Schistosoma

What are the 2 main bacterial causes of urethritis?

1. Escherichia coli (normal flora, most common) 2. Enterococcus sp. (normal flora, second most common)

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of cystitis?

Escherichia coli (normal flora strains)

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of pyelonephritis?

Escherichia coli (normal flora strains)

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of leptospirosis?

Leptospira interrogans

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of chlamydia?

Chlamydia trachomatis

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of syphilis and congenital syphilis?

Treponema pallidum

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of chancroid?

Haemophilus ducreyi

What is the 1 main bacterial cause of bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Gardnerella vaginalis

What is the 1 main viral cause of acute retroviral syndrome and AIDS?

HIV

What is the 1 main viral cause of genital herpes?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV-2)

What are the 2 main HPV strains that cause genital warts?

1. HPV 6 2. HPV 11

What are the 2 main HPV strains that cause cervical cancer?

1. HPV 16 2. HPV 18

What is the 1 main fungal cause of candidiasis (yeast infection)?

Candida albicans

What is the 1 main parasitic cause of trichomoniasis?

Trichomonas vaginalis