Hematological and Endocrine Systems Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the hematological system and common disorders, as well as the functioning of the endocrine system.

Erythropoiesis

The production of red blood cells (RBC) in the bone marrow.

Erythropoietin

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to hypoxia.

Anemia

A reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, and volume of erythrocytes.

Reticulocyte

An immature red blood cell in the bloodstream that indicates new RBC production.

Hypoxia

A condition in which there is insufficient oxygen in the tissues.

Pancytopenia

A condition characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Hemolytic anemia

Anemia that results from the destruction of red blood cells.

Iron deficiency anemia

The most common type of anemia caused by insufficient iron supply.

Megaloblastic anemia

Anemia caused by vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, characterized by large abnormal red blood cells.

Aplastic anemia

A rare disease in which the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells.

Blood transfusion

The process of transferring blood or blood components from one person to another.

Sickle cell anemia

An inherited form of anemia in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout the body.

Macrocytic cells

Red blood cells that are larger than normal, often associated with vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency.

Microcytic cells

Red blood cells that are smaller than normal, often associated with iron deficiency.

Coombs test

A test for hemolytic anemia that detects antibodies against red blood cells.

CBC

Complete blood count, a common blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect a variety of disorders.

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

A test that measures the blood's capacity to bind iron with transferrin.

Serum ferritin

A blood test that reflects the stored iron in the body.

Folic acid deficiency anemia

Anemia due to insufficient folic acid intake, impacting DNA synthesis and leading to larger red blood cells.

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A condition where low levels of vitamin B12 can result in megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues.

Thalassemia

An inherited blood disorder involving less hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal.