World War I - Big Quiz

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For Dr. Atwater’s WWI Big Quiz in Mid-April 2026. This set was generated using AI based on provided class resources and materials; while it aims to be accurate and comprehensive, it may contain minor errors or omissions.

Last updated 2:49 PM on 4/11/26
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62 Terms

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WWI
Global conflict from 1914–1918 involving over 30 nations; caused by militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism; resulted in ~10 million soldier deaths and major political/social changes
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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
June 28, 1914 killing of Austrian heir by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo; immediate spark that triggered WWI
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Militarism
Belief in strong military buildup; caused arms race (especially Britain vs Germany) and made war more likely
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Alliances
System of mutual defense agreements that created a “chain reaction” dragging countries into war
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Imperialism
Competition for colonies/resources in Africa/Asia; increased tensions between European powers
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Nationalism
Extreme pride and desire for independence or expansion; fueled conflict (e.g., Serbia, France, Russia)
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Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy; Central Powers core (Italy later switched sides)
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Triple Entente
France, Russia, Great Britain; later became main Allied Powers
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Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
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Allied Powers
Britain, France, Russia, later U.S., Italy, Japan, and others
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Otto von Bismarck
Created alliance system to maintain balance of power and isolate France
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Reinsurance Treaty
Agreement where Germany and Russia promised neutrality; ended in 1890 → pushed Russia toward France
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“Splendid Isolation”
Britain’s policy of avoiding alliances before WWI
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Pan-Slavism
Russian policy supporting Slavic peoples (like Serbia), increasing tension with Austria-Hungary
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Alsace-Lorraine
Territory lost by France to Germany; major source of French resentment
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Black Hand
Serbian nationalist group connected to assassination of Franz Ferdinand
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Blank Check
Germany’s unconditional support to Austria-Hungary after assassination
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Ultimatum to Serbia
Austria-Hungary’s harsh demands; rejection led to war
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Mobilization
Preparing armies for war; escalated tensions quickly
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Schlieffen Plan
Germany’s plan to avoid two-front war by quickly defeating France via Belgium before Russia mobilized
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Battle of the Marne
1914 battle that stopped German advance; led to trench warfare stalemate
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Trench Warfare
Defensive war strategy using trenches; caused long stalemate and massive casualties
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Western Front
Static, trench-based fighting in France/Belgium
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Eastern Front
More mobile war between Germany/Austria and Russia
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Total War
Entire society mobilized for war (economy, civilians, propaganda)
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Propaganda
Information used to influence public opinion and support war
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Rationing
Limiting resources for civilians to support war effort
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
German U-boat attacks on all ships; led to U.S. entry
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Sinking of the Lusitania
German attack in 1915 killing civilians including Americans; shifted U.S. opinion
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Zimmermann Note
German message urging Mexico to attack U.S.; pushed U.S. into war
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Woodrow Wilson
U.S. president who proposed Fourteen Points and League of Nations
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Fourteen Points
Plan for peace including self-determination and League of Nations
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League of Nations
International organization to prevent future wars (U.S. never joined)
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Armistice
Agreement to stop fighting; signed Nov. 11, 1918 (end of WWI)
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Treaty of Versailles
Peace treaty punishing Germany; included war guilt and reparations
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War Guilt Clause
Forced Germany to accept blame for WWI
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Reparations
Payments Germany had to make for war damages
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Demilitarization of Rhineland
Germany forbidden from having military in this region
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Paris Peace Conference
Meeting of Allied leaders to decide peace terms
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Big Four
Wilson (U.S.), Lloyd George (Britain), Clemenceau (France), Orlando (Italy)
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Self-Determination
Idea that nations should govern themselves; inconsistently applied after WWI
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Mandates
Former colonies of defeated powers controlled by Allies
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Russo-Japanese War
1904–1905 war where Japan defeated Russia, showing shift in global power
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Emperor Meiji
Modernized Japan, enabling it to become a world power
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Moroccan Crisis (1905, 1911)
Conflicts over Morocco that increased tension between Germany and France/Britain
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Balkan Crisis
Conflicts in Balkans involving Serbia, Austria-Hungary, and others; increased instability
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Powder Keg of Europe
Balkans nickname due to high tensions and nationalism
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Gallipoli Campaign
Failed Allied attempt to control Dardanelles and weaken Ottoman Empire
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Winston Churchill
Planned Gallipoli; resigned after failure
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Russian Revolution (1917)
Overthrow of czar; Russia exits war under Bolsheviks
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Bolsheviks
Communist group led by Vladimir Lenin that took control of Russia
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Agreement where Russia left WWI and gave territory to Germany
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Social Changes WWI
Decline of aristocracy, rise of middle/lower classes, women gained suffrage
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Women’s Suffrage
Women gained voting rights in many countries due to wartime roles
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Global Impact of WWI
Shift of power from Europe to U.S.; rise of nationalism in colonies; economic devastation
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Decolonization
Colonies pushing for independence after WWI
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Sykes-Picot Agreement
Secret British-French plan to divide Ottoman lands; angered Arabs
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Balfour Declaration
British support for Jewish homeland in Palestine; increased Middle East tensions
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New Nations After WWI
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia formed from collapsed empires
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Collapse of Empires
German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian empires ended
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Adolf Hitler
Rose to power partly due to German anger over Treaty of Versailles
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Fascism
Political system emphasizing nationalism and dictatorship (rose after WWI)