thoracic cavity anatomy

what are the subdivisions of the serous membranes

• meninges

• pleura

• pericardium

• peritoneum

what are mucous membranes

line organs that open to outside

boundaries and organs of superior thoracic aperture

• bounded anteriorly by sternal manubrium + costal cartilages of 1st ribs, T1, and 1st ribs laterally

• transmits trachea, esophagus, aortic arch, SVC, nerves/blood vessels from neck

boundaries and organs of inferior thoracic aperture

• bounded anteriorly by xiphisternal joint + costal margins 7-10, T12 posteriorly, 12th costal ribs laterally

• contains diaphragm and transmits esophagus, aorta, IVC, nerves/blood vessels from abdomen

sample of what superior thoracic aperature contains

• apices of R/L lung

• brachiocephalic

• subclavian arteries and veins

• trachea

• esophagus

• vagus nerves

• sympathetic trunk

• phrenic nerves

where does the sternal angle lie

• 2nd costal cartilage

• used as a point where all costal cartilages and ribs are counted

• lies opposite of the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5

• formed by articulation of manubrium w/ body of sternum

what is RATPLAT

mnemonic to remember structures that pass through the diaphragm between the thoracic cavity + abdominal cavity which go through specific hiatuses

what does RATPLAT stand for

• R- right phrenic nerve

• A - aorta

• T - thoracic duct

• P - phrenic nerve (left)

• L - left gastric vessels

• A - azygous vein

• T - thoracic duct

I 8 10 Eggs At 12

• 1 → IVC → T8

• 10 → Esophagus → T10

• A → Aorta → T12

what are the components of the ribs

• head, neck, tubercle, angle, shaft, costal groove, costal cartilages

• true, false, and floating ribs

explain sternum anatomy (3,2,1)

manubrium

• suprasternal notch (jugular notch)

• sternal angle (angle of Louis)

• clavicular notch

body

• costal (hyaline cartilage)

• intercostal space

ziphoid process

• xiphisternal joint

name true, false, and floating ribs

true → 1-7

false → 8-12

floating → 11-12

what are the typical ribs

3-9

articular facet for

transverse process of vertebra

lower articular facet for

body of corresponding vertebra

upper articular facet for

body of vertebra above + intervertebral disc

which ribs articular to only ONE vertebrae

• 1, 10, 11 , 12

what are the components of the breast

• adipose tissue

• mammary glands

• lactiferous ducts

• suspensory ligaments

• nipple

• areola

• retromammary space

recite branches of subclavian artery

subclavian artery → internal thoracic artery → medial mammary a

recite branches of axillary artery

axillary a. → lateral thoracic a. → lateral mammary a.

accessory respiratory muscles for inhalation

• sternocleidomastoid muscle

• scalene muscles

• pectoralis minor muscle

• serratus anterior muscle

primary respiratory muscle for inhalation

diaphragm + external intercostal muscles

accessory respiratory muscles for exhalation

• internal intercostal muscles

• transversus thoracis muscle

• external oblique muscle

• rectus abdominus

• internal oblique muscle

what are the mechanics of breathing (inhalation)

ribs + sternum elevate, diaphragm contracts

describe thoracic musculature

• external intercostals

  • fibers run inferomedially

  • TP to mammary line

• internal intercostals

  • fibers run superomedially

  • sternum to scapular line

• innermost intercostals

  • fibers run superomedially

  • mammary line to scapular line