God and the Human Experience Exam 2

Humanism

• The belief that humanity is at the center.

• Approaches religion from a secular and materialistic perspective.

Reformation

• Changes of the Catholic church and emergence of new Christian denominations.

Martin Luther

German priest that started the Reformation.

Deism

• The belief that God took a step back from humanity after creation.

• No need for a great redeemer or salvation.

Palestrina

• Italian Renaissance composer who inspired 19th century musicians.

• A part of the Roman school.

18th Century Composers

Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, Hayden

Annus Qui

Letter that Pope Benedict XIV wrote to address the secular influences from the opera and symphony on the liturgy.

Concertato Principle of the Baroque

The principle that music should be emotionally expressive.

Classical Period (Music)

Focused on objectivity and emotional restraint in the arts and music.

Text Paintings

• Music that highlights the text.

• Includes changes in key and tempo.

Franco-Flemish School

A school of thought that created some of the best composers.

Joaquin de Prey

• A composer from the Franco-Flemish school during the early Renaissance.

• Considered the greatest composer.

• Made Absalom Fili Mi.

English Reformation

• The foundation of the Anglican church by King Henry VIII.

• Political not theological.

Council of Trent

• Addressed reforms of the Catholic church.

• Should the mass be translated into local languages.

Pilgrims

Protestants who fled religious persecution to what is now the eastern US.

Presence of Jesus.

• Catholic and Anglican: The bread and wine ARE the body and blood of Christ.

• Lutheran: The bread and wine is just bread and wine.

Heliocentricity

• Founded by Copernicus.

• The discovery that the sun is the center of the solar system.

Opera

• A stage work that is entirely sung throughout.

• Has a story; originally inspired by ancient Greece or Rome.

New Musical Forms

• Oratorio.

• Concerto.

Oratorio

• A sacred work performed in a small side chapel.

• Vocal work with instruments.

Recitative

• A style of singing that approaches declaimed speech.

• Used for dialogue between characters.

Aria

• Self-contained musical song.

• Used to convey a character’s thoughts and emotions.

Cantata

A series of movements based on a poem or story.

Soprano

A singer with a flexible voice.

Motet

Sacred piece of music in Latin

O Magnum — de Victoria

• Textual clarity.

• Warm harmonies.

• Jesuit aesthetic.

Classical Period

• New interest in rationalism, secularism, and scepticism.

• Increased studies in law, theology, architecture, philosophy, medicine, and engineering.

• Emergence of democratic ideals.

Freemasonry

• Asked men to live together in a spiritual community.

• Fostered brotherhood and sacredity.

• Promoted Deism and Enlightenment ideals.