Psy211w Openstax

Hypothesis

Proposed explanation

Philosophy

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in what subject

Critical thinking, use of the scientific method, critical evaluation of sources of information

What skills are Psychology students exposed to?

Bachelors

What degree do you need to serve as a school psychologist?

PHD

What degree in Psychology would you need to become a professor at a 4 year college?

Personality

An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a

biological psychologist

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a

Skinner Box

The operant conditioning chamber is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning

Max Wertheimer

Who would agree with: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components

PSYD

This degree places less emphasis on research and more effort on the application of therapeutic skills

Bachelors

What degree would you need to serve as a school psychologist?

Abraham Maslow

Who proposed the hierarchy of needs

unconditional positive regard

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and what to his patients?

66%

In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly what percent of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.

I-O Psychologist

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as what?

Masters degree

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

testable and falsifiable

To make a proper hypothesis, it must be

Facts

Observable realities are

empirical

when something is grounded in objective, tangible evidence that can be observed time and time again, regardless of who is observing would be considered as

were not testable

Major criticism of Freud's early theories involves the fact that his theories

case study.

Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is called…?

the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population

What is the major limitation of case studies?

the honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting.

What is the benefit of doing naturalistic observations?

archival research

Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as

Longitudinal Research

What type of research involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time?

survey

a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper form

Attrition

A factor of longitudinal research that means people drop out of the survey for some personal reason

As height increases, weight typically increases

Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:

1 or -1

Correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables when it is closest to what number

Negative Correlation

Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams is an example of what correlation.

0

The correlation coefficient that indicates the weakest relationship is at what number?

Random sampling

Everyone in the population has the same likelihood of getting chose to participate in the study is called?

Operationalize

Researchers must explain important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined. A word for this is…

Deception

When doing an experiment, providing participants with less information to get better data is called

Epigenetics

 the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression

dendrites

receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons

agonist

facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system

myelin sheath

Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of what part of the brain

Somatic Nervous System

Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by what part of our nervous system?

the brain and spinal chord

What is the CNS comprised of

Sympathetic activation

Pupil dilation and increased heart rate is associated with

thalamus

a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing

Wernicke’s Area

Damage to what part of the brain disrupts one’s ability to comprehend language, but still allows one’s ability to speak.

MRI

What brain scan uses magnetic fields to look at the structure of the brain?

glucagon and nigra

what two major hormones are secreted from the pancreas?

pituitary gland

What part of the body secretes messenger hormones to endocrine glands?

adrenal gland

What part of the body secretes epinephrine?

stabilizes fluid levels

What does the pituitary gland help do for the body?

Perception

The process by which information is organized, interpreted and consciously experienced is

umami

The taste grouping that allows us to respond to monosodium glutamate is called

Free nerve endings

what serves as a sensory receptor for temperature and pain stimuli?

proximity

What principle suggests that objects that occur close to one another tend to be grouped together?

closure

what principle describes that humans have a tendency to perceive things as complete objects rather than as a series of parts?

fovea

What part of the eye contains the cones?

high

hair cells respond best to what frequencies of noises?

absolute threshold

the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time

20 to 20,000 hz

what is the audible range of noises for a human?

timbre

What is the quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as

binaural

what type of cues are needed to be able to be heard in both ears?

vestibular system

Which of the following is involved in maintaining balance and body posture?

good continuation

What law states that we are more likely to perceive smoothly flowing lines rather than choppy or jagged lines

figure

The main point of focus in a visual display is known as the

sensory adaptation

Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as

transduction

What involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses?

pheromones

Chemical messages often sent between two members of a species to communicate something about reproductive status are called

working memory

a memory store with a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive is called a

essentially limitless

the storage capacity of long-term memory is

encoding, storage, and retrieval

what are the three functions of memory

engram

the physical trace of memory is known as an

blocking

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also called

acrostic

An acronym is a form of this learning mechanism called an

a traumatic life experience

According to a study by Yogo and Fujihara (2008), if you want to improve your short-term memory, you should spend time writing about

mnemonic devices

Memory aids that help organize information for encoding are

classical conditioning

a stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior is known as?

neutral stimulus

a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response is an organism is a

extinction

this occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

shaping

rewarding successive approximations towards a target behavior is known as

variable ratio

slot machines are an example of

fixed interval

a biweekly payment is an example of

variable interval

checking your social media for likes after a post is an example of

fixed ratio

making 20 cups of coffee and expecting your paycheck every time you reach that is an example of

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

what are the correct steps in order of the modeling process

Albert Bandura

who proposed observational learning?