Social Studies Final Exams - Ancient Egypt

Geography

Study of the land, inhabitants and the relationships between them

Key geographical features of Egypt

Sahara desert : advantages and disadvantages

Mediterranean sea : advantages and disadvantages

Nile river : advantages and disadvantages

Benefits of the Nile river

Seasons of Egypt

• Akhet - time of the flood

• Peret - growing time

• Shemu - harvest time

4 regions Egypt can be divided into

1. Sinai Peninsula

2. Eastern Desert

3. Nile River

4. Western Desert

Farming techniques and tools

• Irrigation canals - farmers could access water if they weren’t near the banks of the Nile

• Shadoof - delivers water to crops

• Nilometer - predicts the flood levels

• Plows - quickly pull up the soil to plant the seeds (pulled by livestock)

The beginning of the 3 kingdoms

The end of each kingdom

Main points of each kingdom

Famous rulers in the New Kingdom

Social hierarchy (in order)

1. Pharaoh

2. Nobles

3. Priest

4. Scribes

5. Soldiers

6. Craftsmen & Merchants

7. Farmers/Peasants

Different occupations and responsibilities in the social hierarchy

1. Pharaoh - controlled the land and responsible for making laws

2. Nobles - helped the pharaoh accomplish all of his duties

3. Priest - in charge of temples, religious rituals and ceremonies

4. Scribes - kept records for government and religious leaders

5. Soldiers - fought enemies in wars and spent time on guard

6. Craftsmen - made things, Merchants - sold those things

7. Farmers/Peasants - tended the fields and raised animals

Book of the Dead

a guide for the journey

What happens when you die (according to Egyptians)

you make a journey to the afterlife

Key symbols of Egyptians religion

Names of the Egyptian deities

1. Ra

2. Osiris

3. Horus

4. Seth

5. Anubis

6. Isis

7. Ma’at

8. Thoth

9. Sekhmet

10. Hapi

What is each Egyptian deity in charge of

1. Ra - God of the sun, heaven, kingship, power, order, and light

2. Osiris - Judge of the dead, ruler of the underworld

3. Horus - God of war, the sky, and protector of Egypt

4. Seth- God of the desert, foreign lands, thunderstorms, and earthquakes

5. Anubis - Protector of the dead, God or mummification and embalming

6. Isis - Goddess of woman, magic, motherhood, love and family

7. Ma’at - Goddess of trust, justice, balance, and order

8. Thoth - God of the moon, sacred texts, math and science

9. Sekhmet - Goddess of the hot desert sun, plagues, chaos, war, and healing

10. Hapi -

Steps of mummification

Step 1. Remove the brain

Step 2. Remove the organs, dry them out with natron, wrap it in linen, store them in a Canopic jar

Step 3. Embalm the heart, weigh and judge it

Step 4. Stuff the body, cover it with natron, wait 40 days to wash and dry the corpse

Step 5. Beautify the body

Key vocab in mummification

Mummification: the process of treating, preserving, and wrapping the body of the deceased to protect it for the afterlife

Canopic jars: special jars of the 4 sons of Horus, which protected the body’s organs (lungs, stomach, liver, and intestines)

Natron: a salt to dry out and preserve the body

Sarcophagus: elaborately decorated and carved coffin to protect the mummy

6 achievements (list at least one)

1. Agriculture

2. Writing and Math

3. Astronomy and Timekeeping

4. Cosmetics and Hygiene

Ancient Egypt’s rise and fall to its geography (know at least 1 reason)

Ancient Egypt’s rise and fall to its economy (know at least 1 reason)

Ancient Egypt’s rise and fall to its government (know at least 1 reason)

Ancient Egypt’s rise and fall to its military (know at least 1 reason)

Ancient Egypt’s rise and fall to its culture (know at least 1 reason)

Key geographical features of Greece (how does it affect daily life)

• Mountains and hills cover most of the land (Pindus Mountain and Mount Olympus)

• 3 bodies of water border the entire

Clothing they wear in Greece based on climate

• Chitons - made from fine tool and linen

• Himation - cloak/wrap

5 ages of Ancient Greece

1. Bronze (1600-1100BC)

2. Dark (1100-750BC)

3. Archaic (750-479BC

4. Classical (497-323BC)

5. Hellenistic (323-31BC)

Main points of the Archaic age

Main points of the Classical age

Main points of the Hellenistic age

Polis

Know the city-states and what they’re famous for

What was life like for women in Ancient Greece

What was life like for children in Ancient Greece

Key info about Sparta

Key info about Athens

4 types of government and how they operate

Main components of democracy

Who are important people connected to the idea of democracy

2 types of democracy

What classifies you as a citizen in Greece

Social hierarchy of Ancient Greece

Peloponnesian War

The Battle of Thermopylae

Hoplites

What is the famous battle formations for the hoplites called

What is the name of the weapons and shield the hoplites use

Entities and deities involved in Greek mythos

What is each entity and deity of Greece in charge of

The story of Theseus and the Minotaur

The story of Perseus and Medusa

The story of The Odyssey

The story of the 12 Labours of Hercules

The story foundation of Ancient Rome

The Roman Republic

6 rules of how the Roman Republic operated

The main Emperors of Rome

What is each Emperor known for

The Roman deities and their Greek counterparts

How did Christianity develop and grow in the Roman Empire

Early Christian

How did Constantine impact Christianity

Gladiator

Types of gladiators

What was life like for a gladiator

Colosseum