INTRODUCING THE CRIMINALS AND JUSTICES THAT ARE GOING TO PROSECUTE THEM AND WIN ALL THE TIME DURING THE APOCALYPSE DEATH BEAM THAT IS HOLDING UP THE UNIVERSE BY THE STRANDS OF TIME BECAUSE THE MARTIANS ARE COMING BACK TO TAKE ALL OF THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN IF THE POLICE DONT STOP THEM BY USING WHAT WE LEARNED IN CLASS

What are the three branches of Government?

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

What is the function/responsibility of the Legislative Branch?

Established by Article I of the Constitution, it is responsible for making federal laws, declaring war, regulating interstate/foreign commerce, and controlling taxing and spending policies. Composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, it also holds investigative powers, confirms presidential appointments, and ratifies treaties.

What is the function/responsibility of the Executive Branch?

Established by Article II of the Constitution, it is responsible for enforcing and carrying out the laws of the land. It is headed by the President and includes the Vice President, the Cabinet, and various executive agencies and departments.

What is the function/responsibility of the Judicial Branch?

Established by Article III of the Constitution, it is responsible for interpreting the laws, applying them to specific cases, and determining whether laws or actions violate the Constitution. It is composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts.

What is the purpose of probation?

This is a court-ordered period of correctional supervision in the community, generally served as an alternative to incarceration. Its primary purpose is to rehabilitate the offender while allowing them to remain in the community, provided they follow strict court-ordered conditions.

What is the purpose of parole?

This is the conditional release of a prison inmate who has served a portion of their sentence, allowing them to serve the remainder in the community under supervision. Its purpose is to facilitate the offender's reintegration into society while monitoring their behavior to protect public safety.

What is the function and responsibility of the Law Enforcement component of the Criminal Justice System?

This is responsible for investigating crimes, apprehending suspected offenders, preventing crime, collecting evidence, and maintaining public order.

What is the function and responsibility of the Judicial (Courts) component of the Criminal Justice System?

This component is responsible for interpreting the laws, ensuring fair trials, determining the guilt or innocence of suspects, and handing down appropriate sentences for those who are convicted

What is the function and responsibility of the Corrections component of the Criminal Justice System?

This is responsible for carrying out the sentences imposed by the courts. This includes managing jails and prisons (incarceration), overseeing probation and parole (community supervision), and providing rehabilitation programs for offenders.

What is the function of Judges?

These serve as the impartial arbiters in the courtroom. They preside over hearings and trials, ensure legal procedures are followed, rule on the admissibility of evidence, instruct juries, and impose sentences on convicted individuals.

What is the function of Prosecuting Attorneys?

These represent the government (the state or federal authority) in criminal proceedings. They are responsible for reviewing police reports, deciding whether to file criminal charges, and presenting the case against the accused in court.

What is the function of Defense Attorneys?

These represent the individuals accused of a crime. Their function is to ensure the defendant's constitutional rights are protected, advise them on legal strategy, negotiate plea deals, and advocate on their behalf during investigations and trials.

What is the function of Probation Officers?

These supervise individuals who have been placed on probation in lieu of jail time. They monitor the offender's behavior, ensure they comply with court-mandated conditions (such as drug testing or maintaining employment), and help connect them with rehabilitation resources.

What is the function of Parole Officers?

These supervise inmates who have been conditionally released from prison early. They help these individuals reintegrate into society, monitor their daily activities, and ensure they do not violate the terms of their parole, which could result in a return to prison.

What is the function of Correctional Officers?

These are responsible for the daily supervision, safety, and security of individuals who are incarcerated in jails or prisons. They enforce facility rules, maintain order, and manage the movement of inmates.

What is the function of the Police/Sheriff?

These are the frontline responders in the justice system. They patrol communities, respond to emergency calls, enforce local and state laws, conduct traffic stops, and execute arrest and search warrants. (Some also typically manage county jails and provide court security).

What is the function of Victim/Witness Services?

These provide emotional support, information, and advocacy to victims and witnesses of crimes. They help these individuals navigate the complex judicial process, provide updates on court dates, assist with securing restitution, and ensure their rights are respected throughout the legal proceedings.

What are the Laws of Hammurabi?

Dating back to ancient Babylon around 1754 BC, this is one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes. It established the principle of lex talionis (the law of retaliation, often summarized as "an eye for an eye"), standardizing crimes and their corresponding punishments.

What is the mutual pledge system?

Also known as the frankpledge system, this was a community-based system of maintaining order in medieval England. It organized citizens into groups of ten families (a "tithing") who were mutually responsible for the behavior of all members and were legally obligated to bring violators to justice.

What is the Magna Carta?

Signed in 1215 by King John of England, this is a foundational historical document that established the principle that everyone, including the king, is subject to the law. It introduced early concepts of human rights, including due process and the right to a fair trial.

What is the Peelian reform?

Named after Sir Robert Peel, who established the London Metropolitan Police in 1829, these reforms created the first modern, organized, and uniformed public police force. The core philosophy of this is that the police rely on public approval ("policing by consent") and that their primary objective is the prevention of crime, not just catching criminals.

What is one significant development of police agencies in the United States?

The shift to the Professional/Reform Era in the early 20th century was largely championed by figures like August Vollmer. This era transformed policing from a corrupt, politically controlled system into a professionalized career by introducing formal police training, civil service exams, university degree programs for officers, and the integration of technology like two-way radios, squad cars, and fingerprinting.

What are the five (5) categories of law enforcement in California?

Federal, Tribal, State, County, and Local.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the United States Secret Service (USSS)?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Dual mission: 1) Protecting the President, Vice President, their families, and visiting foreign heads of state. 2) Investigating crimes against the U.S. financial system, including counterfeiting, financial fraud, and cybercrime.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Postal Inspection Service (USPIS)?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Protecting this entity, enforcing laws that defend the nation's mail system from illegal or dangerous use, and investigating mail fraud, mail theft, and prohibited mailings.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?

Jurisdiction: Federal and International.

Responsibilities: Enforcing the controlled substances laws and regulations of the U.S., and investigating major drug trafficking and smuggling organizations operating interstate and internationally.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Serving as the principal investigative arm of the Department of Justice. Responsible for investigating terrorism, espionage, cyber attacks, civil rights violations, public corruption, white-collar crime, and violent crime.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Enforcing federal laws governing border control, customs, trade, and immigration to promote homeland security and public safety.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) law enforcement division?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Investigating violations of federal aviation regulations, ensuring the safety of civil aviation, and working alongside agencies like the TSA and Air Marshals to address threats to the aviation system.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Office of Justice Services?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Providing law enforcement, detention, and justice services to recognized Native American tribes, and investigating major federal crimes occurring on Indian lands.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Criminal Investigation Division?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Investigating severe violations of federal environmental laws, such as illegal dumping of hazardous waste, severe air/water pollution, and corporate environmental fraud.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Investigating and preventing federal offenses involving the unlawful use, manufacture, and possession of firearms and explosives, acts of arson and bombings, and illegal trafficking of alcohol and tobacco products.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS)?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Protecting the federal judiciary, apprehending federal fugitives, managing and selling seized assets acquired by criminals, housing and transporting federal prisoners, and operating the Witness Security Program.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of Railroad Police (USRP)?

Jurisdiction: Federal/Interstate.

Responsibilities: Protecting railroad employees, passengers, and property. They have federal interstate law enforcement authority to investigate crimes like cargo theft, trespassing, and sabotage on railway systems.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) Law Enforcement?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Protecting visitors, staff, and the natural/historical resources within the National Park System, enforcing federal laws and park regulations, and conducting search and rescue operations.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Maritime law enforcement, search and rescue, marine environmental protection, drug/migrant interdiction, and maintaining the security of ports, waterways, and coasts.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Interpol - U.S. National Central Bureau?

Jurisdiction: International/Federal liaison.

Responsibilities: Serving as the official point of contact for all international law enforcement matters involving the U.S., facilitating cooperation and information sharing between American police and international authorities.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of Forest Service Law Enforcement?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Enforcing federal laws and regulations on National Forest System lands, protecting natural resources from theft or damage (like timber theft or illegal dumping), and ensuring the safety of visitors.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)?

Jurisdiction: Federal.

Responsibilities: Overseeing the custody, care, and rehabilitation of federal inmates, ensuring the security of federal penal facilities, and maintaining order within the institutions.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of Tribal Police?

Jurisdiction: Tribal.

Responsibilities: Enforcing tribal laws and maintaining order on tribal lands. In California (a Public Law 280 state), they often work concurrently with county and state law enforcement depending on the nature of the crime and the status of the offender.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the California Highway Patrol (CHP)?

Jurisdiction: State.

Responsibilities: Enforcing traffic laws on state routes, freeways, and unincorporated roadways; investigating traffic collisions; and providing security for state officials and state-owned buildings.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the Department of Fish and Wildlife (Game and Fish)?

Jurisdiction: State.

Responsibilities: Enforcing laws related to hunting, fishing, pollution, and habitat destruction to protect the state's wildlife and natural resources.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the California State Park Police?

Jurisdiction: State.

Responsibilities: Providing law enforcement, public safety, and resource protection within California's state park system, including enforcing park regulations and responding to emergencies.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR)?

Jurisdiction: State.

Responsibilities: Operating state prisons, ensuring the secure incarceration of convicted felons, and supervising parolees who have been released back into California communities.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of University Police (e.g., UC or CSU systems)?

Jurisdiction: State.

Responsibilities: Providing full law enforcement services on state university campuses, investigating crimes, managing campus security, and enforcing state and local laws for students and staff.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of Sheriffs?

Jurisdiction: County.

Responsibilities: Providing primary law enforcement for unincorporated parts of a county and cities that contract their services, operating the county jail system, and providing security/bailiffs for the county superior courts.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of County Animal Control?

Jurisdiction: County.

Responsibilities: Enforcing local and state animal welfare laws, investigating animal cruelty, managing stray or dangerous animals, and ensuring public safety regarding rabies and licensing.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of County Parks Police?

Jurisdiction: County.

Responsibilities: Enforcing laws and local ordinances within county-owned and operated regional parks, ensuring visitor safety, and protecting park facilities.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of City Police?

Jurisdiction: Local.

Responsibilities: Providing general law enforcement services, responding to emergencies, conducting criminal investigations, and enforcing municipal codes and state laws within the specific borders of their city.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of Airport Police?

Jurisdiction: Local.

Responsibilities: Ensuring the safety and security of airport passengers, staff, and facilities; investigating crimes on airport property; and enforcing traffic and security regulations in coordination with federal agencies like the TSA.

What is the jurisdiction and responsibility of Local Parks Police?

Jurisdiction: Local.

Responsibilities: Patrolling municipal parks, enforcing city park ordinances (e.g., curfews, alcohol bans), and preventing vandalism and crime to ensure community parks remain safe.