Bio Exam Anaeroibc Pathways

In what environments do electron transport chaons work

only under aeroibc conditions

In what envrironments can ETC work withour areobic condtions

Gut, swamp, deep ocean

Anaerobic pathways have…

less yield

Fermentaion

When microrganisms like bacterai break down carbphydrates liks sugars and starch in the absence of oxygen

Does glycolysis need oxygen

no, is anaerobic process

Glycolysis needs…

NAD+, so cells need to remove electrons and H+ to regenerate NAD+ from NADH

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Supplemental system in eukaryotes and occurs when oxygen is consumed faster than it is made

What does lack of O2 result in…

The ETc not being able to function and pyruvate remains in the cytosol

Lactic Acid Fermentation Products

2 NADH from product of glycolysis is oxidized by pyruvate to convert it into lactic acid or lactate, NAD+ is freed up so glycolysis can continue running. also 2 ATP

Symptoms of Lactic Acid fermentation

muscle fatigue, burning muscle sensation, breathlessness

Significant amounf of lactate can be…

accumlated, but lactate can be removed by the liver and is oxidized back to pyruvate then glucose

Oxygen debt

The extra oxygen the body must take in following intense exercise to recover from a period of anaerobic respiration, usuall involces deep breaths after excerise

Reason for breathing so hard after excerise

to complete the oxidation of lactate back to pyruvate

Lactate Threshold

Point at which lactate

production is too high for

transport

● Threshold can be increased

through training

Alcohol (Ehtanol) Fermentation

Occurs in a variety of organisms, pyruvate is decarboxylated to from acetalaldehyde, which is used to oxidize NADH

Products of Alcohol Fermentation

Ethanol, CO2, 2ATP and 2 NAD+

Best understooed eukaryotic organism

Yeast

Does alcohol fermentation happen naturally

Yes, rotting fruits go through alchol fermentation

can prokaryotes have cellular

respiration ETC despite having no

mitochondria"?

Yes, is located on the internal membrane systems dervied from the plasma membrane, sulafte, nitrate and iron (III) ions are common electron acceptors