Communications Final exam

Interpersonal communication

Nature of language

1) Language is symbolic

2) Language is arbitrary

3) Language is governed by rules

4) Language is based on clarity

5) Language is based on context

Nature of language

1) Language is symbolic

Words are symbols that represent ideas.

Nature of language

2) Language is arbitrary

No natural link between words and meanings.

Nature of language

3) Language is governed by rules

Grammar and structure guide language use

Nature of language

4) Language is based on clarity

We use words to make meaning clear

Nature of language

5) Language is based on context

Meaning changes with culture and context

Process of making words

1) Sensory

2) Filtering

3) Symbolic output

Process of making words

1) Sensory

Words based on what we see, hear, or feel

Process of making words

2) Filtering

We select and shape words from our experience

Process of making words

3) Symbolic output

We express abstract ideas through words

Language Environment

1) People

2) Purpose

3) Actual Talk

4) Rules of Communication

Language Environment

1) People

Language happens between individuals or groups

Language Environment

2) Purpose

We use language to achieve goals

Language Environment

3) Actual Talk

It’s the words and conversations we produce.

Language Environment

4) Rules of Communication

Shared guidelines shape how we interact

Verbal and Non-verbal differences

1) Acquisition

2) Environment

3) Control

4) Feedback

5) Structure

Verbal and Non-verbal differences

1) Acquisition

We learn language through exposure and practice

Verbal and Non-verbal differences

2) Environment

Surroundings shape verbal and nonverbal cues

Verbal and Non-verbal differences

3) Control

We manage interactions verbally or nonverbally

Verbal and Non-verbal differences

4) Feedback

We adjust based on responses we get

Verbal and Non-verbal differences

5) Structure

Both forms follow patterns and organization

Denotative

Dictionary - Concrete

Connotative

thoughts and feelings like interpretation

Rapport talk

tends to focus on building connection, intimacy, and relationships (more with women)

Report talk

often about sharing information, facts, or asserting status (more with men)

Abuses of Language

1) Humor

2) Slang

3) Profanity

4) Libel

5) Slander

Abuses of Language

1) Humor

Playful language that can still be sharp

Abuses of Language

2) Slang

Informal language tied to a group or culture

Abuses of Language

3) Profanity

Offensive words that can shock or hurt

Abuses of Language

4) Libel

False written statements harming a person’s reputation

Abuses of Language

5) Slander

False spoken statements harming a person’s reputation

Kinesics

Body movements

Types of Kinesics

1) Emblem

2) Illustrator

3) Regulator

Types of Kinesics

1) Emblem

these are gestures with specific, agreed meanings, like a thumbs up

Types of Kinesics

2) Illustrator

these are gestures that add to our words, like pointing or showing something

Types of Kinesics

3) Regulator

These gestures help manage the flow of conversation, like nodding to show you're listening

Proxemics

Space and distance

Types of Proxemics

1) Intimate Distance

2) Personal

3) Social Distance

4) Public Distance

Types of Proxemics

1) Intimate Distance

No more than 18” apart

Types of Proxemics

2) Personal

18” to 4ft

Types of Proxemics

3) Social Distance

4 to 12 ft

Types of Proxemics

4) Public Distance

More than 12 ft (Public figure giving a speech)

Haptics

Touch

Type of Haptics

1) Functional/Professional

2) Social/ Polite Touch

3) Friendship/ Warmth

4) Love and Intimacy

Type of Haptics

1) Functional/Professional

Doctors, Dentists, hairdresser

Type of Haptics

2) Social/ Polite Touch

Handshake, Pats

Type of Haptics

3) Friendship/ Warmth

Hugs, Kisses on cheek

Type of Haptics

4) Love and Intimacy

Significant other, parent to child

Chronemics

Time

10 Channels Of Non-Verbal

1) Facial Display

2) Eye Contact

3) Movement/ gestures

4) Smell

5) Touch

6) Vocal Behavior (Tone, pitch, volume, rate)

7) Space/Distance

8) Physical Appearance

9) Time

10) Use of Artifacts

3 Types of Friendships

1) Associative

2) Receptive

3) Reciprocal

3 Types of Friendships

1) Associative

People you see who are your friends, but you don’t hang out with

• classmates

3 Types of Friendships

2) Receptive

One person is giving, and one person is taking in the friendship

• Teammates, co-worker, Doctors, Hairdresser

3 Types of Friendships

3) Reciprocal

Equal friendship, both give and take

• best friend

Types of Relationship Integration

1) Initiating

2) Experimenting

3) Intensifying

4) Integrating

• Revising

5) Bonding

Types of Relationship Integration

1) Initiating

Seeing/passing by someone cute, awkward stage, slowly engaging but don’t know what to say

Types of Relationship Integration

2) Experimenting

Relaxed, casual, small talk

• if relationship is going no where it will stop

Types of Relationship Integration

3) Intensifying

Talking everyday, hanging out, has labels, kinda dating

Types of Relationship Integration

4) Integrating

Their friends become your friends, meet families, nice surprises, make time for each other

• starts to talk about marriage

Types of Relationship Integration

• Revising

• in between Integrating and bonding

Stepping back and looking at the relationship, future aspects like kids, family, religion, Money

Types of Relationship Integration

5) Bonding

Engagement and marriage

Types of Disintegration

1) Differentiating

2) Circumscribing

3) Stagnating

4) Avoiding

5) Terminating

Types of Disintegration

1) Differentiating

Small Red Flags

Types of Disintegration

2) Circumscribing

Controlling certain topics

• uncomfortable situations

Types of Disintegration

3) Stagnating

Not moving forward or backwards with the relationship, no real feelings

Types of Disintegration

4) Avoiding

comes up with excuses to avoid

Types of Disintegration

5) Terminating

End of relationship

Characteristics of a group

1) Perceived common goal

2) Network of communication

3) Behavioral Interdependence

4) Structured Relations

5) Norms

6) Perception

Characteristics of a group

1) Perceived common goal

everyone in the group sees a shared purpose

Characteristics of a group

2) Network of communication

people in the group connect regularly to share info.

Characteristics of a group

3) Behavioral Interdependence

members rely on each other’s actions

Characteristics of a group

4) Structured Relations

there’s a defined organization or roles

Characteristics of a group

5) Norms

the group has expected behaviors or rules

Characteristics of a group

6) Perception

members feel like one unified group

3 Tasks roles

1) Initiator/ expeditor

2) Information giver/ seeker

3) Critic/ analyzer

3 Tasks roles

1) Initiator/ expeditor

they suggest new ideas or approaches

3 Tasks roles

2) Information giver/ seeker

they share facts or ask for details

3 Tasks roles

3) Critic/ analyzer

they evaluate ideas and point out flaws

3 Maintenance Roles

1) Encourager

2) Harmonizer/ Compromiser

3) Regulator

3 Maintenance Roles

1) Encourager

2) Harmonizer/ Compromiser

3) Regulator