Adolescent Psychology Final Exam

Prosocial Behavior

Voluntary actions intended to help or benefit others, such as helping, sharing, or cooperating.

How is prosocial behavior multidimensional?

It includes different kinds of actions, motives, and contexts.

Civic Engagement

Participation in activities that improve the community or address public issues, through both political and nonpolitical actions.

Critical Consciousness

Awareness of social inequality and oppression, along with the motivation to challenge it through action.

Explain how moral reasoning, prosocial behavior, and civic engagement change across adolescence.

Generally, moral reasoning becomes more advanced across adolescence, prosocial behavior becomes more varied and better guided by empathy and perspective-taking, and civic engagement grows as teens move from helping in personal ways toward broader concern for community and social issues.

Describe the levels of moral reasoning in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory.

Preconventional (avoid punishment or get rewards), conventional (follow rules and gain approval), and postconventional (use broader principles and justice).

Preconventional level of moral reasoning

Avoid punishment or get rewards.

Conventional level of moral reasoning

Follow rules and gain approval.

Postconventional level of moral reasoning

Use broader principles and justice.

Describe the 3 domains described in Turiel's Social Domain Theory

Moral issues, which involve fairness, harm, and rights; conventional issues, which are social rules and customs; and personal issues, which involve individual choice and autonomy.

Moral issues

Involve fairness, harm, and rights.

Conventional issues

Social rules and customs.

Personal issues

Individual choice and autonomy.

Explain which factors influence moral behaviors based on Dual Process Theory

Intuition, empathy, cognitive control, and social context. Fast emotion-based responses and slower deliberate reasoning shape moral behavior.