Lab Practical 2 Exam Review!

what is the agonist and what is the antagonist muscle in flexion/ extension of the forearm?

Flexion:

agonist- biceps brachii

antagonist- triceps brachii

Extension:

agonist: triceps brachii

antagonist: biceps brachii

what are the antagonist and agonist for flexion of the arm?

Flexion

Agonist: pectoralis major

Antagonist: latissimus dorsi

Extension:

Agonist: latissumus dorsi

Antagonist: pectoralis major

what are the agonist and antagonist muscles in flexion and extension of the thigh?

Flexion

Agonist: rectus femoris

Antagonist: gluteus maximus

Extension:

Agonist: gluteus maximus

Antagonist: rectus femoris

what are the antagonist and agonist muscles in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

Dorsiflexion (toes go up)

agonist: tibialis anterior

antagonist: gastrocnemius

plantar flexion (toes point down)

agonist: gastrocnemius

antagonist: tibialis anterior

agonist and antagonist for flexion and extension of the neck

Flexion

agonist; sternocleidomastoid

antagonist: splenius capitis

Extension:

Agonist: splenius capitis

Antagonist: sternocleidomastoid

what’s another name for the calcaneal tendon? Where is it located?

achilles tendon

what two muscles of the cranium does the epicranial aponeurosis (connective tissue sheet) join together?

frontalis muscle

occipitalis muscle

what are the two ways to phrase a muscle action on the practical?

either:

1. use “of“ the body part that is moving (ex: action of biceps brachii is flexion OF the forearm)

2. “at“ the joint involved (ex: action of biceps brachii is flexion AT the elbow)

Masseter

Actions of muscle: Elevation and protraction of the temporomandibular joint

Buccinator

Action- compresses cheek during chewing

Temporalis

Action: elevation and retraction of the temporomandibular joint

frontalis/occipitalis (occipitofrontalis) *** here is the occipitalis, the frontalis is the forehead muscle

Action: raises the eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi

action: closes eyes (eyelids)

Orbicularis oris

action: closes mouth and protrudes lip

zygomaticus major

action: elevates corners of the mouth (smiling)

zygomaticus minor

action: elevation of upper lip

Sternocleidomastoid

origin:

Manubrium of the sternum and clavicle

insertion:

Mastoid process of the temporal bone and occipital bone

actions:

-Bilateral→ forward flexion of the neck and extension of the head

-Unilateral→contralateral rotation of the neck (rotation of the head so face turns to opposite side)

Splenius Capitis (& cervicis)

origin:

C7 to T3

Insertion:

mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone

Action:

-Bilateral→ extension of the neck

-Unilateral→ Ipsilateral rotation of the neck

Rectus Abdominis

origin

pubis

insertion

xiphoid process of the sternum

Action:

flexion of the torso

External oblique

origin

lower ribs

insertion

iliac crest of the ilium

actions:

bilateral→forward flexion of the torso

unilateral→rotation of the torso

Internal Oblique

Origin:

iliac crest of the ilium

Insertion:

lower ribs & linea alba

Action:

-Bilateral: forward flexion of the torso

-Unilateral: rotation of the torso (ispilateral)

Transverse Abdominus

**will only need to identify this one

what are the muscles responsible for this movement?

-sternocleidomastoid

-splenius capitis

what muscles are involved in this action?

-splenius capitis (extension)

-sternocleidomastoid (forward flexion)

what muscles are involved in this movement?

-external and internal obliques

-rectus abdominis

what muscles are involved in this movement?

-temporalis (retraction)

-masseter (protraction)

what muscles are involved in this action?

-temporalis

-masseter

(both contribute to elevation)

the epicranial aponeurosis is a tendon-like sheet of connective tissue that covers the cranium, just beneath the skin. What tissue is it made from?

dense regular connective tissue

what two muscles of the head are.attached by the epicranial aponeurosis?

-frontalis

-occipitalis

what two muscles move the temporomandibular joint? (TMJ)

-temporalis

-masseter

what direction do transverse abdominis fibers run?

horizontally

which of the abdominal muscles also function in respiration for “abdominal breathing“ and compression of the abdominal viscera?

-rectus abdominis

-transverse abdominis

-internal abdominal oblique

-external abdominal oblique

brachial vs antebrachial & femoral vs anatomical leg

brachial = arm

antebrachial = forearm

femoral = thigh

anatomical leg = knee and below

plantar vs dorsal surface of the foot

plantar: area of the foot that’s flat to the ground when standing

dorsal: area of the foot that is upwards while standing

name the opposites: Pronation and _____, Dorsiflexion and _______

Pronation and Supination

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Trapezius

Origin:

-occipital bone

-all thoracic vertebrae

Insertion:

-spine

-acromion of the scapula

-clavicle

Action: stabilizes scapula

Pectoralis Major

Origin: clavicle and sternum

Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: flexion, adduction and medial rotation of the arm

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: don’t need to know for exam!! :D

Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: extension, adduction and medial rotation of the arm

Deltoid

Origin: acromion of the scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Action: abduction of the arm

Supraspinatus

Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: abduction of the arm

Teres Minor

Origin: lateral border of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: lateral rotation and adduction of the arm

Subscapularis

Origin: subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: medial rotation of the arm