PEAT 3 (Questions 1 - 100)

C

During pregnancy, which of the following exercises is CONTRAINDICATED?

A. Curl-ups

B. Bridging

C. Double leg lifts

D. Deep breathing with forced expiration

A

A target heart rate is determined for individuals entering a training program in order to:

A. regulate exercise intensity.

B. estimate energy expenditure

C. control blood pressure at a specific heart rate.

D. ensure that participants exercise at maximal capacity.

A

For a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the MOST appropriate physical therapy goal is:

A. prevention of contractures and determination of the best method of mobility

B. preservation of strength and muscle tone.

C. inhibition of abnormal muscle tone and facilitation of normal movement and postural

reactions

D. facilitation of normal movement and improvement of strength.

C

Outcomes of a prenatal exercise program would NOT include

A. improved body mechanics.

B. application of relaxation techniques.

C. improved ligamentous flexibility.

D. strengthened pelvic-floor musculature

A

A patient has limited ankle dorsiflexion following open reduction and internal fixation of the distal tibia. Radiographs reveal that the fracture is well healed. Treatment with passive mobilization should include:

A. posterior glide of the talus on the tibia.

B. lateral glide of the calcaneus on the tibia.

C. posterior glide of the tibia on the talus.

D. anterior glide of the talus on the tibia.

D

A patient who has recently and successfully completed a 12-week program of Phase III cardiac rehabilitation will MOST likely demonstrate a decrease in:

A. carbon dioxide

elimination in maximal work

B. cardiac output in maximal work.

C. stroke volume at a given level of submaximal work.

D. heart rate at a given level of submaximal work.

D

Redness on the inferior aspect of the patella upon removal of a patellar-tendon-bearing prosthesis indicates that the residual limb:

A. is not far enough into the prosthesis, and fewer socks should be worn

B. is not far enough into the prosthesis, and additional socks should be worn

C. has slipped too far into the prosthesis, and fewer socks should be worn.

D. has slipped too far into the prosthesis, and additional socks should be worn

D

A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with an acute lumbar disc protrusion and a right lateral shift of the thoracic spine. Which of the following findings is the BEST indicator that the symptoms will respond positively to physical therapy intervention?

A. The pain is referred

only into the buttock and not the thigh

B. The patient prefers standing and walking to sitting.

C. There is a decrease in lumbar lordosis

D. Repeated backward bending centralizes the pain

C

A physical therapist evaluates a patient who has lateral epicondylitis. The patient reports a subjective pain rating of 8/10. The patient also reports pain and shows weakness with resisted wrist extension. The therapist decides to use ice massage as an intervention. The MOST appropriate length of time for the ice massage is:

A. 10 minutes.

B. until the area turns red, and the patient reports a burning sensation

C. until the patient reports that the area feels numb

D. no longer than 5 minutes.

D

To conduct an experimental study on pain in postsurgical orthopedic patients, a physical therapist randomly assigns patients into 2 groups. One group is treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, heat, and exercise; the second receives heat and exercise only. In this experimental design, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is the:

A. continuous variable.

B. dependent variable

C. discrete variable

D. independent variable.

A

It is important to perform cool-down exercises immediately following a general aerobic exercise program PRIMARILY in order to prevent:

A. venous pooling.

B. cardiac arrhythmia.

C. decreased body temperature

D. muscle tightening.

C

The intervention for a patient who has right sciatic pain caused by piriformis compression should NOT include:

A. instruction in mild self-stretching in sitting with the right hip and knee flexed and pressure

applied in the medial direction to the distal thigh with the left upper extremity.

B. contract-relax exercises to the hip external rotators performed with the patient sidelying on

the left and the right hip and knee positioned in 90° of flexion

C. active resistive strengthening exercises to the piriformis with the patient prone and the knee

flexed.

D. application of cold to the area of sciatic nerve irritability.

C

A physical therapist is assigned the planning and implementation of physical therapy service for all members of a community. The therapist's FIRST step should be to:

A. develop a brochure for distribution to the community.

B. organize a health fair to provide screening for the community.

C. evaluate existing services and community resources.

D. initiate contacts in the medical community to establish prescriptive relationships.

D

A patient is referred to physical therapy reporting severe pain in the right hip and groin area, which increases during walking. The patient reports tenderness when the therapist palpates the area over the right greater trochanter. The MOST likely cause of the patient's signs and symptoms is:

A. sacroiliac joint derangement.

B. a hip fracture.

C. a strain of the adductor longus muscle.

D. hip bursitis.

B

When working with neurological patients to ensure that physical therapy services are adequately documented, it is MOST important to record changes in:

A. muscle tone.

B. functional abilities.

C. cognitive status.

D. quality of movement.

C

A patient has right hemiparesis resulting from a traumatic brain injury. When assessing motor control in the right lower extremity with the patient standing, the physical therapist finds that the patient cannot extend the hip while flexing the knee or flex the hip while extending the knee. In which of the following functional activities will this problem be MOST apparent?

A. Shifting weight while standing

B. Walking sideways

C. Walking backward

D. Moving from a sitting position to a standing position

A

A physical therapist examining wrist-joint play finds restriction in the direction indicated by the arrow. To address the restriction, the therapist should include an intervention to increase which motion of the index finger (2nd digit)?

A. Flexion

B. Extension

C. Abduction

D. Rotation

A

In which of the following conditions is a nerve conduction velocity test MOST appropriate?

A. Carpal tunnel syndrome

B. Cerebrovascular accident

C. Myotonia

D. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

C

A patient with leukemia has developed thrombocytopenia following a bone-marrow transplant.

Which of the following measures are indicative of the status of the thrombocytopenia?

A. T lymphocyte count

B. Red blood cell count

C. Platelet count

D. White blood cell count

C

For a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes who is completing a cardiovascular fitness program, what change in diabetic management is MOST likely to be instituted as fitness increases?

A. Switching to oral rather than injected medication

B. Decreasing caloric intake for 2 to 3 hours following exercise sessions

C. Decreasing the amount of insulin taken daily

D. Increasing the amount of insulin taken daily

B

An elderly patient presents with a sacral pressure ulcer measuring 6 in x 6 in (15 cm x 15 cm). The wound has moderate serous fluid drainage and is loosely covered with necrotic and fibrotic tissue, although there are no indications of infection present. The BEST method of debridement is:

A. daily vigorous scrubbing of the wound.

B. wet-to-dry dressings with normal saline 2 times/day.

C. daily wet-to-dry dressings with 1:1 diluted povidone-iodine (Betadine).

D. whirlpool jet agitation 2 times/day

B

A patient has disuse atrophy of the anterior compartment muscles following cast removal after a fracture of the tibia. The patient has Poor (2/5) strength in the ankle dorsiflexors. Electrical stimulation is to be used to enhance dorsiflexor strength in conjunction with exercise. Initially, which of the following waveform characteristics are MOST appropriate to stimulate the muscles?

A. Monophasic pulse with a frequency of 100 pps and an on/off cycle ratio of 3:1

B. Biphasic pulse with a frequency of 30 pps and an on/off cycle ratio of 1:5

C. Direct current waveform with an on/off ratio of 1:1

D. Interferential waveform with a beat frequency of 1 pps

C

A patient is referred to physical therapy with a 20° knee flexion contracture following arthroscopic knee surgery 1 month ago. All of the following interventions are appropriate EXCEPT:

A. stretching of the semimembranosus muscle

B. strengthening of the vastus medialis.

C. inferior gliding of the patella.

D. mobility of the posterior capsule of the knee joint.

D

During an evaluation, a patient lacks 10° of passive ankle dorsiflexion. The same degree of limitation is present whether the knee is flexed or extended. The muscle MOST likely contributing to this restriction is the

A. gastrocnemius.

B. tibialis anterior.

C. plantaris.

D. soleus.

A

A patient sustained a severe brain stem injury 1 week ago and has demonstrated minimal change since the incident. The patient's cognitive status is MOST likely to include:

A. a decreased level of arousal

B. a decreased level of intelligence

C. an increased level of agitation

D. an increased level of impulsivity

D

To maximize continuity of patient care, the physical therapist should begin discharge planning when the:

A. physician refers the

patient for discharge

B. therapist makes the discharge evaluation of the patient

C. discharge planner requests information pertinent to the patient's discharge status.

D. therapist performs the initial evaluation of the patient.

B

A manual muscle test of a patient who sustained a gunshot wound just superior to the elbow joint reveals specific muscle weakness from a partial median nerve injury. The physical therapy intervention for this patient should include strengthening activities for wrist flexion, forearm:

A. pronation, finger flexion, and thumb adduction.

B. pronation, finger flexion, and thumb opposition.

C. supination, finger abduction, and thumb opposition

D. supination, finger flexion, and thumb extension.

B

A measurable objective for a community education program on proper exercise techniques would be for participants to:

A. understand the importance of a sufficient warm-up period.

B. list 5 stretching techniques that can be used when warming up

C. overcome lower extremity problems and adhere to a regular exercise program.

D. appreciate the effects of increasing intensity of exercise on heart rate.

A

During manual muscle testing of the hip flexors in the sitting position, a patient exhibits lateral (external) rotation with abduction of the thigh as resistance is applied. The physical therapist should suspect muscle substitution by the:

A. sartorius.

B. tensor fascia latae.

C. adductor longus.

D. semimembranosus.

B

A physical therapist is treating a patient who has lymphedema in the right lower extremity. The therapist decides to use mechanical, intermittent pneumatic compression as an intervention, using a sleeve that covers the foot, leg, and thigh. The therapist measures the patient's blood pressure at 135/85 mm Hg. At the first treatment session, the MOST appropriate inflation pressure for the sleeve is:

A. 20 mm Hg.

B. 60 mm Hg.

C. 100 mm Hg.

D. 140 mm Hg.

C

A physical therapist receives a telephone call from a woman who identifies herself as a friend of one of the therapist's patients. She wants to know how the patient is doing and if he will be able to go up and down the stairs, because she wants to take him home for a weekend visit. Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate for the therapist to take

A. Discuss the patient's

program and functional status with the caller.

B. Invite the caller to observe the patient's next therapy session.

C. Refuse to discuss the patient, unless the patient's permission is obtained

D. Refer the caller to the patient's social worker.

A

The parents of a 1 month-old child with myelomeningocele report that the child has been increasingly irritable and has changed sleeping patterns over the past 3 days. The child has also been vomiting. Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate for the therapist to take?

A. Refer for immediate medical follow-up.

B. Instruct the parents to monitor head circumference daily

C. Advise the parents to watch the child for worsening symptoms.

D. Take head circumference measurements to compare at subsequent visits

C

A physical therapist is developing a gait training program for a patient following a total hip arthroplasty of the right hip done via an anterolateral approach 2 weeks ago. The proper instructions and rationale for crutch training utilizing 1 crutch include holding the crutch in the:

A. right hand to decrease activity in the right hip abductors.

B. right hand to facilitate activity in the right hip abductors.

C. left hand to decrease activity in the right hip abductors

D. left hand to facilitate activity in the right hip abductors

D

A right-handed woman is being examined by a physical therapist for right-sided weakness in her upper and lower extremities. Her muscle tone is hypotonic and she is ataxic during walking. She has a history of hypertension and alcoholism. Passive range of motion is normal with deep tendon reflexes showing hyporeflexia. She has an intention tremor when she tries to pick up an object from a table and exhibits difficulty in performing the finger to nose test. What is the location of the MOST probable area of the lesion?

A. Right side, cervical

spinal cord

B. Left side, cerebral hemisphere

C. Left side, substantia nigra

D. Right side, cerebellar hemisphere

B

A patient received a gunshot wound to the distal posterior thigh that resulted in complete severance of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve. Which of the following exercises is necessary in the early rehabilitation period to prevent contracture formation?

A. Active plantarflexion, inversion, and toe extension

B. Passive dorsiflexion, eversion, and toe extension

C. Active dorsiflexion, eversion, and toe flexion

D. Passive plantarflexion, eversion, and toe flexion

A

A patient with a mild closed head injury and bilateral femur fractures requires instruction in a lower extremity exercise program. To plan the most effective teaching methods for this patient, what is MOST critical to assess at the initial visit?

A. Comprehension of written, verbal, and demonstrated instructions

B. Short-term memory capacity

C. Auditory and visual status

D. Any personality changes compared to the patient's premorbid status

B

For a patient with a bilateral transfemoral amputation to maximize balance in a wheelchair, the rear wheels should be positioned more:

A. laterally.

B. posteriorly.

C. anteriorly.

D. inferiorly.

B

On day 4 of physical therapy treatment, a patient who has had an open reduction and internal fixation for a hip fracture develops a large ecchymosis over the unaffected hip. The patient has MOST likely developed

A. a hemangioma.

B. a complication of anticoagulant therapy.

C. a hematocele.

D. deep vein thrombophlebitis

A

A patient who is exercising on a bicycle ergometer in the cardiac rehabilitation unit is being monitored with electrocardiogram leads. During the exercise, the ST segment becomes depressed by 2 mm. If the cardiologist has given no specific guidelines, the physical therapist should

A. terminate the session immediately.

B. reduce the resistance load.

C. instruct the patient to slow down

D. direct the patient to continue as before.

B

Prior to starting an exercise training program, a patient with cardiac problems who is receiving beta-blocking medication should receive an explanation of the:

A. greater benefits from cardiovascular exercise to be achieved at lower rather than at higher

metabolic levels.

B. need to use measures other than heart rate to determine intensity of exercise

C. need for exercise training sessions to be more frequent but of shorter duration

D. need for longer warm-up periods and cool-down periods during exercise sessions.

A

A physical therapist places electrodes on a patient to monitor surface electromyographic activity. The electrode placement shown in the photograph is MOST appropriate to monitor which of the following muscles?

A. Tensor fasciae latae

B. Sartorius

C. Rectus femoris

D. Gluteus minimus

A

A patient with chronic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is to be treated with joint mobilization

to increase joint range of motion. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate to increase shoulder abduction?

A. Distraction with inferior glide

B. Anterior glide with internal rotation

C. Superior glide with approximation

D. Distraction with posterior glide

B

An 8 year-old child who has juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is developing bilateral knee flexion contractures. Which of the following is LEAST appropriate?

A. Exercises to increase joint mobility

B. Ultrasound to the hamstring insertions to increase tissue extensibility

C. Progressive weight-bearing by walking in a therapeutic pool to increase endurance

D. Exercise to increase quadriceps strength

D

A physical therapist is screening a young adult patient for a possible right thoracic, left lumbar structural scoliosis. The postural deviation commonly seen with this diagnosis is:

A. spinous processes of thoracic spine rotated to the right

B. high left shoulder.

C. posteriorly protruding scapula on the left.

D. prominent right posterior rib cage.

C

An exercise program for a patient with Parkinson's disease would MOST likely include exercises to:

A. decrease movement of the upper extremities and trunk.

B. increase trunk flexor strength.

C. improve balance reactions and reciprocation

D. stretch the back extensor muscles

A

If a transtibial prosthesis has an excessively firm heel wedge, the patient is MOST likely to walk with:

A. excessive knee flexion in foot flat (loading response).

B. premature knee flexion in heel off (terminal stance).

C. insufficient knee flexion in foot flat (loading response).

D. excessive knee flexion in heel off (terminal stance).

A

A physical therapist is planning a patient education program for a group of patients with chronic low back pain. To increase the likelihood that the patients will utilize the proper body mechanics at the work site, the therapist should:

A. ask the patients to demonstrate use of proper body mechanics.

B. provide a reference list of articles describing body mechanics

C. ask the patients to describe actions they do that increase their back pain.

D. provide information on the frequency of low back injuries due to improper body mechanics

C

A patient presents with hemiparesis and demonstrates a foot drop during the swing phase of gait.

It is MOST appropriate to administer functional electrical stimulation to the tibialis anterior and the:

A. gastrocnemius.

B. tibialis posterior.

C. extensor digitorum longus.

D. peroneus longus.

D

A physical therapist is treating a patient with iontophoresis. If the current is set at 4 mA, the duration at 15 minutes, and the dexamethasone (Decadron) solution at 0.04%, with an electrode area of 4 cm2, how should the therapist record the current dosage in the patient's chart?

A. 0.16 mA-mg

B. 16 mA/cm2

C. 0.60 mg/min

D. 60 mA-min

A

An elderly patient has a diabetic neuropathy. Upon examination, the patient shows marked mediolateral instability of the left ankle while walking. The patient also has fluctuating edema and glove-and-stocking sensory loss in both of the lower extremities. The MOST appropriate orthotic

aid is:

A. a double-upright metal ankle-foot orthosis.

B. high-top shoes.

C. a prefabricated plastic solid ankle-foot orthosis

D. a spiral ankle-foot orthosis.

C

A 25 year-old patient with cystic fibrosis has been experiencing successful mobilization of thickened secretions by standard percussion and postural drainage. During the current treatment session, the patient coughs up sputum that has a small, brownish streak of blood. The physical therapist should:

A. percuss more

vigorously in an attempt to clear out any other blood that is present in the

airways

B. perform postural drainage in upright positions for this type of patient only.

C. continue treatment with little modification, unless more blood is noted.

D. stop the treatment and send the patient to the emergency room.

C

Which of the following should be recommended for a patient following a medial meniscectomy, if the physical therapy plan is to exercise the quadriceps femoris against accommodating resistance?

A. Knee bends through half of the range

B. Knee extension with a sandbag at the ankle

C. Knee extension on an isokinetic exercise device

D. Straight-leg raising with a sling suspension

D

A physical therapist is examining a patient who has difficulty making a fist. Results of the patient's muscle tests show the following: Flexors of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers (2nd to 5th digits) at the proximal interphalangeal joint are Normal (5/5). Flexors of the index finger (2nd) and middle finger (3rd digit) at the distal interphalangeal joint are Normal (5/5). Flexors of the ring finger (4th digit) and little finger (5th digit) at the distal interphalangeal joint are Poor (2/5). These findings are consistent with a lesion of the:

A. median nerve Cg-T1.

B. median nerve C5-C6- C. ulnar nerve C5-C6.

D. ulnar nerve C8-T1.

B

An elderly man who lives alone fell in his home, sustaining a hip fracture, which necessitated a total hip arthroplasty. The patient was previously able to perform all activities of daily living independently. He has been admitted to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation. The patient's goal is to return home. His family believes he should be admitted to a long-term care facility for his own safety once acute rehabilitation is completed. The physical therapist's MOST appropriate action is to:

A. advise the family that the patient should determine his own discharge environment.

B. recommend a team conference with the patient and his family to discuss discharge plans.

C. schedule a home visit to determine if home modifications are needed before discharge.

D. implement a treatment plan with a long-term goal of discharge to home.

D

During lower extremity exercise, a patient with incomplete Co quadriparesis reports a new onset of tingling and numbness in both hands. A manual muscle test reveals that overall strength has decreased by 1 grade. In this situation, the MOST appropriate action for the physical therapist to take is to:

A. modify the exercise program to accommodate the change in strength.

B. apply an ice massage prior to exercise

C. continue the lower extremity therapeutic exercise and use facilitation techniques to stimulate

more activity.

D. discontinue all exercise and notify the physician immediately.

A

A physical therapist is treating a patient with moderately well-controlled type 1 diabetes. One of the goals is to help the patient regulate insulin dosage through exercise. In establishing an exercise program, the therapist should be aware that regular exercise will generally:

A. lower blood glucose levels and decrease the amount of insulin required.

B. lower blood glucose levels and increase the amount of insulin required

C. raise blood glucose levels and decrease the amount of insulin required

D. raise blood glucose levels and increase the amount of insulin required.

B

A physical therapist recognizes that departmental patient education materials are written on a reading level that is too difficult for some of the patients. The physical therapist can help the patients to better understand the materials by:

A. including illustrations and a larger print.

B. including illustrations and a simpler sentence structure.

C. reducing the number of syllables and lengthening the sentences.

D. using a large print format to present specific medical terminology

B

During inspiration, a patient demonstrates increased upper chest expansion with retraction of the epigastric area. The physical therapist should suspect weakness of the:

A. scalene muscles.

B. diaphragm.

C. rectus abdominis.

D. intercostal muscles.

A

A patient with low back pain has been undergoing treatment for 2 sessions. The patient tells the physical therapist that today the pain is centralizing with the extension exercises, but is as intense as it was at the first treatment session. The patient is frustrated by this reaction. The MOST appropriate response of the therapist is to:

A. continue with the

present program.

B. eliminate the extension exercises

C. consult the patient's physician about the situation

D. progress to trunk flexion exercises

C

An attorney calls the physical therapy department seeking information on the status of his client,

a patient who is undergoing rehabilitation following total knee surgery. The patient's physical therapist should:

A. refer the attorney to the patient's insurance carrier.

B. describe the patient's current status.

C. require written authorization from the patient to release information.

D. obtain verbal permission from the patient to release information

C

Involving interdisciplinary team members in making decisions about continuity of patient care has all of the following benefits EXCEPT:

A. promoting each

individual's commitment to, and responsibility for, the decisions that have

been made by the group

B. discouraging 1 or 2 team members from being in control and having all the authority.

C. enabling decisions regarding quality of care to be made quickly.

D. promoting quality of care by including several aspects of the patient's care.

B

A physical therapist examines a patient with multiple sclerosis who is in a period of exacerbation. The patient is independent with bed mobility, can sit unassisted at the edge of the bed, and requires physical assistance to stand with a walker. Which of the following activities of daily living is the MOST important for the initial intervention session?

A. Wheelchair propulsion up a 10-ft (3-m) ramp

B. Wheelchair transfers

C. Walking with an assistive device

D. Tub transfers

A

While examining a patient who had a baby 3 days ago by vaginal delivery, the physical therapist notices that the patient has a 2-cm diastasis of the rectus abdominis. To address this problem, the patient should:

A. perform partial sit-ups supporting her abdominal muscles with her hands, while lifting her

head in the supine position.

B. not perform exercises, until the diastasis heals spontaneously.

C. perform sit-ups with the knees bent and arms behind the head.

D. perform partial sit-ups with legs straight and arms in front.

A

When evaluating wheelchair positioning of a child with cerebral palsy, the physical therapist should FIRST examine the position of the child's:

A. pelvis.

B. lower extremities.

C. head.

D. spine.

A

For a patient with a right-middle-lobe pneumonia, the proper bronchial drainage position is supine with the body:

A. one-quarter turned to

the left and the foot of the bed raised 14 in (35.6 cm).

B. one-quarter turned to the right and the bed flat.

C. three-quarters turned to the left and the head of the bed raised 14 in (35.6 cm).

D. three-quarters turned to the right and the foot of the bed raised 14 in (35.6 cm).

D

To avoid the appearance of increased motion, what movement MUST be prevented during goniometric measurement of shoulder abduction?

A. Upward rotation of the scapula

B. Medial (internal) rotation of the shoulder

C. Lateral (external) rotation of the shoulder

D. Lateral flexion of the trunk to the opposite side

D

A patient who received an organ transplantation 4 years ago demonstrates progressive weakness and is referred to physical therapy for strengthening exercises. In reviewing the medical history, the physical therapist learns that the patient takes prednisone (Deltasone) and immunosuppressive drugs. Which of the following does the therapist need to consider?

A. Isokinetic strengthening will be preferable for this patient

B. The patient may have limited range of motion from increased bone mass.

C. The patient will need to be treated in an isolation room.

D. Muscle strengthening may be limited in this patient.

B

The results of a developmental screening of a 4 month-old infant indicate a possible right hip dislocation. The presence of which of the following is the MOST consistent with this diagnosis?

A. Pelvic obliquity,

apparent pain on movement of the right hip, and decreased hip abduction on

the left side

B. Asymmetrical gluteal folds, femoral telescoping, and limited hip abduction on the right side

C. Decreased active movement of the right hip, increased femoral neck retroversion, and

atrophy of the gluteus maximus on the right side

D. Hip flexion contracture on the right side, apparent leg-length discrepancy, and inability to

tolerate supported sitting

B

A 14 month-old child with brachial nerve palsy has motor and sensory loss in the right upper extremity in the areas innervated by C5 and C6. Which of the following activities is MOST difficult for the child to accomplish with the affected upper extremity?

A. Pushing a wagon

B. Carrying a teddy bear in the crook of the arm

C. Holding a raisin in the palm of the hand

D. Grasping a cup

A

A physical therapist is treating a patient who has been diagnosed with a nerve root impingement on his right side due to a narrowing of the intervertebral foramen between L and L5. The therapist decides to use mechanical, lumbar traction as an intervention. Which of the following positions, on a traction table, is MOST appropriate to relieve pressure on the nerve root?

A. Supine with the hips and knees flexed

B. Supine with the hips and knees straight and laterally shifted to the right

C. Prone with the hips and knees straight

D. Sidelying on the right with a bolster between the table and patient

C

A patient who is transported to the physical therapy department in a wheelchair reports severe, bilateral lower extremity pain. A purple discoloration of both feet is observed. The pain is relieved when the patient's feet are raised just above the horizontal plane. These signs are MOST indicative of:

A. arterial insufficiency.

B. intermittent claudication.

C. venous insufficiency.

D. a psychosomatic episode.

A

A patient who completes a Phase I (in-hospital) cardiac rehabilitation program should be expected to achieve:

A. independence in self-monitored walking.

B. increased aerobic capacity to physical activity.

C. modification of risk factors.

D. increased blood pressure at a given workload.

C

A physical therapist has been working with a patient who has a spinal cord injury. To document that the patient has been educated about skin care, the therapist should record that the patient:

A. is unable to tolerate more than 1 hour in a wheelchair.

B. is unable to tolerate more than 1 hour in a wheelchair.

C. is able to state 3 causes of skin breakdown.

D. is able to perform 10 push-ups in the wheelchair.

A

A patient reports pain lateral to the coracoid process. When palpating the shoulder to assess the possible cause of the pain, starting at the coracoid process and moving laterally, the physical therapist should expect to find the following sequence of structures:

A. lesser tuberosity, biceps tendon, and greater tuberosity

B. greater tuberosity, biceps tendon, and lesser tuberosity.

C. lesser tuberosity, coracobrachialis tendon, and greater tuberosity

D. greater tuberosity, coracobrachialis tendon, and lesser tuberosity.

B

A factor that MUST be considered in designing an exercise program for a patient with angina pectoris is that when the arms are exercised:

A. angina occurs at a lower heart rate than when exercising the lower extremities.

B. heart rate and blood pressure rise more steeply in relation to workload than when exercising

the lower extremities

C. pulmonary ventilation increases less rapidly than when exercising the lower extremities.

D. angina occurs at higher workloads than when exercising the lower extremities

B

A physical therapist is treating a patient for limitation of motion following knee surgery several weeks ago. The patient's passive knee extension is lacking 15° from full extension, and knee flexion is limited to 95°. Both movements have a capsular end-feel. Which of the following mobilization techniques is MOST appropriate for increasing knee flexion?

A. Anterior glide of the tibia on the femur

B. Posterior glide of the tibia on the femur

C. Superior glide of the patella

D. Posterior glide of the femur on the tibia

B

When considering special tests for orthopedic assessment of a client, the validity of a test is important because the:

A. results of the test can be standardized.

B. test measures what it is supposed to measure.

C. results of the test are reproducible

D. test can be accurately performed by someone else.

A

A patient sustained a Colles' fracture 8 weeks ago and has been in a cast since that time. Immediately after cast removal, it is MOST appropriate for the physical therapy intervention for the wrist and hand to include:

A. passive and active assistive range of motion exercises.

B. progressive resistive exercises.

C. grade-4 joint mobilization techniques.

D. return to prefracture level of activity.

B

A patient with a traumatic brain injury is receiving outpatient physical therapy. The physical therapist notices that the patient becomes agitated during therapy sessions. To which of the following professionals should the patient be referred for assessment and diagnosis?

A. Occupational therapist

B. Neuropsychologist

C. Vocational counselor

D. Speech-language pathologist

A

During examination of the jaw-opening pattern of a patient with a temporomandibular joint problem, the therapist notes early protrusion of the mandible. Which of the following mandibular movements MOST likely causes the protrusion?

A. Condylar translation

B. Mandibular depression

C. Condylar rotation

D. Lateral glide

D

A child who has cerebral palsy has been receiving physical therapy 1 time/week for the past month. During the fourth visit, the physical therapist instructs the parents in a daily exercise program for the child, including stretching techniques. The BEST method to ensure correct implementation and carry-over of the program is for the therapist to:

A. reassess the patient's range of motion 1 month after instructing the parents.

B. review the parents' written notes on the child's progress.

C. demonstrate exercises for the parents and ask them to return for a program check in 1 week.

D. ask the parents to demonstrate the exercises and to return for a program check in 1 week.

D

Excessive upward rotation of the right scapula is noted when a patient attempts to perform shoulder flexion. Which of the following exercises is MOST appropriate to help correct the excessive scapular rotation?

A. Right scapular protraction against resistance with the right arm at 90° of flexion

B. Bilateral scapular elevation with the upper extremities at 180° of flexion

C. Wall push-ups with an isometric hold at end range with the elbows extended

D. Bilateral scapular adduction with the upper extremities medially (internally) rotated and

adducted across the back

D

A physical therapist is measuring ankle range of motion in a patient. The measurement shown in photograph A is greater than that measurement shown in photograph B. The MOST likely cause of the difference in measurement is:

A. Talocrural joint capsule restriction.

B. Weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors.

C. Tightness in the hamstrings.

D. Tightness in the gastrocnemius

B

A patient with left hemiparesis is being discharged from a rehabilitation center. The physical therapist has been unsuccessful in getting the family's cooperation to instruct them in transfers,bed mobility, and safety precautions. The MOST appropriate action for the physical therapist to take is to:

A. educate the patient so she can tell others how to assist her.

B. contact social services and arrange for a team and family meeting

C. refer the patient for home care and document the appropriate interventions.

D. write a home program and give it to the family.

B

A patient is being examined for medial epicondylitis. With this diagnosis, the physical therapist should expect to MOST likely find pain over the:

A. origin of the flexor

digitorum profundus with resisted finger flexion.

B. origin of the pronator teres muscle with active pronation.

C. medial epicondyle with passive wrist flexion.

D. insertion of the triceps brachii with passive elbow extension.

B

In treating a patient who has had recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, the physical therapist should AVOID which of the following extreme shoulder motions?

A. Adduction and lateral (external) rotation

B. Abduction and lateral (external) rotation

C. Hyperextension and medial (internal) rotation

D. Abduction and medial (internal) rotation

C

During the examination of a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome, the physical therapist is MOST likely to find:

A. paresthesia of the medial palmar surface of the hand

B. weakness of finger extension of the lateral 3 digits.

C. paresthesia of the lateral 3 digits.

D. weakness in wrist flexion and ulnar deviation

C

A patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome experiencing progressive paralysis is admitted to the intensive care unit. As a member of the interdisciplinary team managing this patient's care, the MOST appropriate physical therapy intervention is for the physical therapist to:

A. alter the patient's mechanical ventilation settings.

B. develop the patient's medication schedule.

C. perform airway clearance techniques.

D. discuss the patient's medical prognosis with the family.

C

A patient with complete C4 quadriplegia is working on a program to increase tolerance to the upright position. While on the tilt table, the patient begins to have a pounding headache with flushing and profuse sweating. The physical therapist should FIRST:

A. lower the tilt table to a flat position.

B. remove the patient from the tilt table and return to room.

C. check the patient's catheter.

D. check the patient's blood pressure.

C

A 6 year-old child with spastic diplegia is walking in the parallel bars. The child walks with increased trunk and hip flexion. What is the MOST appropriate assistive device for this patient?

A. Standard walker

B. Forearm crutches

C. Posterior rolling walker

D. Bilateral quad canes

C

The physical therapist is teaching a patient with T12 paraplegia to fall. The patient walks with bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses and bilateral forearm cuff crutches using a swing-to gait. The MOST appropriate method to use to prevent injury is to:

A. have the patient wear a helmet and practice on a soft padded surface.

B. give the patient written instructions and illustrations on falling.

C. demonstrate and guide the patient through the correct process of falling.

D. demonstrate the correct method of falling.

A

A physical therapist is designing an exercise program for a healthy elderly individual. Which of the following types of exercises is MOST stressful to the cardiovascular system of this patient?

A. Upper-limb ergometry

B. Spinal range-of-motion exercise

C. Quadriceps setting exercise

D. Lower-limb diagonal proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns

B

A physical therapist is evaluating a patient for a wheelchair prescription. The patient, who lives alone in a small apartment, has bilateral lower extremity weakness and is unable to stand to transfer. Trunk strength and upper extremity strength are normal and the patient can transfer independently with a sliding board. The MOST appropriate prescription for this patient is a wheelchair with:

A. fixed, adjustable-height arm rests and detachable foot rests.

B. removable arm rests and detachable swing-away leg rests.

C. fixed arm rests and removable leg rests.

D. desk-style removable arm rests and fixed, elevating leg rests.

B

A patient who is on bed rest and who exhibits orthostatic hypotension upon standing will MOST likely experience:

A. increased venous tone in the lower extremities.

B. inadequate ventricular filling during diastole.

C. decreased hydrostatic pressure in the capillary beds.

D. parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

C

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate intervention for a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who is experiencing painful swelling of both knees?

A. Resistive exercises

B. Stretching to prevent contractures

C. Gentle, active exercises

D. Walking program

C

A patient who has left hemiparesis exhibits shoulder subluxation on the affected side. The patient has a demand-type cardiac pacemaker. Which of the following interventions should be used ONLY with extreme caution?

A. Manual resisted exercise on the nonaffected side

B. Active exercise on the affected upper extremity

C. Functional electrical stimulation to the affected side

D. Biofeedback to the affected side

C

A 5 year-old patient with a closed head injury is exhibiting behavior consistent with the confused/agitated level of cognitive function. During physical therapy intervention, the patient becomes combative. Which of the following techniques would be MOST effective in calming the patient?

A. Providing brief moving touch to the face and turning on the patient's favorite musical tape

B. Maintaining touch to the shoulders and brightening the room by opening the curtains

C. Removing the patient from the current treatment environment and placing the patient in a

quiet setting

D. Wrapping the patient in a blanket and rocking the patient rapidly

D

The MOST appropriate therapeutic exercise to stretch the neck muscles for a patient with an acute, right-sided torticollis is:

A. right rotation and right lateral flexion.

B. left rotation and right lateral flexion.

C. left rotation and left lateral flexion.

D. right rotation and left lateral flexion.

B

A patient presents to physical therapy with low back and leg pain, with symptoms extending to the bottom of the foot. During the physical therapy examination, the patient does not report leg pain in the first test position (photograph #1), but reports a severe increase in symptoms in the second test position (photograph #2). These findings support which of the following conclusions?

A. The pain is the result of a herniated disc.

B. The patient may be displaying nonorganic symptoms.

C. The symptoms are the result of an inflamed sciatic nerve.

D. The hamstrings are in a facilitated state of contraction.

D

A patient who is re-learning the task of moving from sit to stand following traumatic brain injury is frustrated because of repeated failed attempts. To facilitate the patient's success, the physical therapist should FIRST do which of the following?

A. Permit the patient to rest until the next physical therapy session and re-attempt the activity.

B. Encourage the patient to visualize success with the task, before resuming attempts.

C. Provide incentive by holding a desired object for the patient to reach toward.

D. Decrease the challenge of the task, so that the patient experiences success