Georgia College 4 2

What are the two secretions that can cause bone loss in osteoporosis?

Acid and collagen.

What type of matrix does acid destroy in bones?

Acid primarily destroys collagen, which is a crucial protein in the bone matrix that helps provide strength and flexibility.

What term describes the common symptom of exaggerated thoracic curvature in osteoporosis?

Kyphosis, often referred to as 'dowager's hump', is characterized by a hunchback appearance due to the weakening of the vertebrae and the loss of height of the spine.

What type of fracture is caused when minor trauma affects a bone weakened by underlying disease?

Pathological fracture is a fracture that occurs in a bone that is already compromised due to existing medical conditions, such as osteoporosis, where even minor stresses can lead to fractures.

What is the diagnostic method used to measure bone density in osteoporosis?

DEXA scan, or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, is a sensitive imaging technique used to assess bone mineral density (BMD), helping in the diagnosis of osteoporosis by comparing an individual's BMD to a reference population.

What treatment method for osteoporosis was commonly used but is now generally not recommended due to the cancer risk?

Hormonal therapy, specifically estrogen replacement therapy, was widely used to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women; however, studies have shown increased risks of breast cancer, heart disease, and strokes, leading to caution in its usage.

What is the primary goal of osteoporosis treatment?

The primary goal of osteoporosis treatment is to slow down the rate of bone loss, enhance bone mass, and reduce the risk of fractures, thereby improving overall bone health and functioning.

Which group is most commonly affected by osteoporosis?

Older women, particularly postmenopausal white females, are most commonly affected by osteoporosis due to hormonal changes that accelerate bone density loss after menopause.

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by the weakening of bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures.

What are common risk factors for osteoporosis?

Common risk factors include age, gender (being female), family history, low body weight, and certain medications.

How does exercise impact bone health?

Weight-bearing exercises strengthen bones and help maintain bone density, reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

What role does calcium play in bone health?

Calcium is an essential mineral for maintaining strong bones, and insufficient intake can lead to decreased bone density.

What vitamin is important for calcium absorption?

Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium in the body, thereby supporting bone health.

What dietary sources are high in calcium?

High-calcium foods include dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and fortified foods.

What is the significance of a DEXA scan?

A DEXA scan is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and assess the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures.

What lifestyle changes can help prevent osteoporosis?

Lifestyle changes such as regular weight-bearing exercise, a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and avoiding smoking can help prevent osteoporosis.

What are the effects of smoking on bone health?

Smoking has been shown to decrease bone density and increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

What is the relationship between hormonal changes and osteoporosis?

Hormonal changes, particularly a decrease in estrogen after menopause, significantly accelerate bone loss and increase the risk of osteoporosis.