Catalysts

Ozone Layer Decomposition

-homogeneous chlorine radical catalyst

-hole in the ozone layer is an environmental issue that was addressed in the 1980s and 90s with the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons

-2O3 (g) → 3O2 (g)

Catalytic Converter

-heterogeneous Pt/Pd metal catalyst

-smog, nitrogen oxides (NO,NO2, and NO3), undergo reduction to form nitrogen gas (N2)

-carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CHx) undergo oxidation to form carbon dioxide (CO2)

-the use of catalytic converters significantly improved air quality

-NOx (g) + CO (g) + CHx (g) → N2 (g) + CO2 (g) + H20 (g)

The Haber Process

-makes ammonia from N2; ammonia is added to plants to make enougb crops

-exothermic, shifts left when the temperature goes up

-increasing temperature is how you make ammonia faster

-use a catalyst, slightly oxidized iron powder (heterogeneous)

-N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) = 2 NH3 (g) deltaH° rxn = -92 kJ/mol

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