AP Psychology 2024 CED Year End Review Packet

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts and terminology from the AP Psychology Year-End Review Lecture.

Behaviorism

An approach to psychology that emphasizes observable behaviors over internal experiences.

Therapeutic Relationship

A crucial aspect of humanistic therapy where the psychologist fosters a supportive relationship for personal growth.

Cognitive Reframing

A therapeutic technique that helps individuals perceive situations in a more positive or constructive way.

Biological Approach

A perspective that attributes psychological disorders to biological factors, including neurotransmitter imbalances.

Conditioned Fear Response

An autonomic response developed through classical conditioning when exposed to certain stimuli.

Sociocultural Approach

A viewpoint that emphasizes the influence of society and culture on behavior, such as the impact of media on body image.

Confirmation Bias

The cognitive bias that leads individuals to favor information corroborating their existing beliefs, disregarding conflicting evidence.

Overconfidence Effect

A cognitive bias where a person's confidence in their predictions or knowledge is greater than accuracy allows.

Self-Serving Bias

The tendency to attribute positive events to one's own character, but attribute negative events to external factors.

Random Sample

A technique that ensures every individual in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study.

Confounding Variable

An external variable that may affect the dependent variable and lead to incorrect conclusions.

Operational Definition

A clear and precise way of defining variables for the purpose of measurement in research.

Causal Effect

The notion that a change in one variable directly influences a change in another variable.

Qualitative Measurement

Data that is descriptive and conceptual, often collected through interviews and open-ended surveys.

Quantitative Measurement

Data that can be quantified and often collected through structured instruments.

Informed Consent

An ethical principle that requires participants to be fully informed about the study and agree to participate.

Debriefing

The process of informing participants about the true nature of a study following its completion.

Ethics in Research

The moral principles guiding research to ensure participant welfare and integrity in scientific practices.

Arousal Theory

Suggests that behavior is motivated by the need to maintain an optimal level of arousal.

Gambler's Fallacy

The mistaken belief that past events can affect the probabilities of future events in random situations.

Implicit Memory

A type of memory that occurs unconsciously and is not explicitly recalled.

Cognitive Dissonance

The mental discomfort experienced by a person who holds two or more contradictory beliefs.

Social Facilitation Theory

The tendency for individuals to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A type of psychotherapy that helps individuals change negative thought patterns and behaviors.

Gestalt Principles

Rules that describe how the human eye perceives visual elements as unified wholes.

Longitudinal Study

A research method that studies the same group of individuals over a period of time.

Cross-Sectional Study

A research method that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time.

Meta-Analysis

A statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.

Psychometric Testing

Standardized assessments that measure psychological constructs such as intelligence, personality, and aptitude.