Chapter 1 Presentation

Microbes

Little single-celled organisms (examples: algae, fungi, viruses, bacteria, protozoa)

Fermentation

Process carried out by microbes that converts substances such as sugars into other products

Who built the first microscope?

Robert Hooke

Who improved the microscope after Robert Hooke?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Who formulated the cell theory?

Schleiden and Schwann

What is the Germ Theory of Disease?

Microbes invade other organisms and cause disease

What was spontaneous generation?

The accepted belief that life arose spontaneously and germs did not need to be studied for transmission

Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?

Louis Pasteur

What is Koch’s Postulate #1?

Specific causative agents must be found in every case of the disease

What is Koch’s Postulate #2?

The disease organism must be isolated in pure culture

What is Koch’s Postulate #3?

Inoculation of a sample must produce the same disease

What is Koch’s Postulate #4?

The disease organism must be recovered from the inoculated individual

What did Lister contribute to microbiology?

Used dilute carbolic acid on bandages and instruments to prevent infection

What is Lady Montagu known for?

Smallpox inoculation

What is Edward Jenner known for?

Developed the cowpox/smallpox vaccine

What is Alexander Fleming known for?

Discovered the use of penicillin

What is taxonomy?

The classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms

Who founded taxonomy and binomial nomenclature?

Carolus Linnaeus

What is binomial nomenclature?

A two-name naming system for organisms

What is phylogeny?

The evolutionary relatedness of organisms

What are the characteristics of bacteria?

Single-celled, rod/spherical/spiral shaped, prokaryotic, some absorb nutrients while others produce their own, some move and some do not, some are pathogenic, found everywhere

What does prokaryotic mean?

DNA is not enclosed in a nucleus and the cell is structurally simple

What does pathogenic mean?

Capable of causing disease

What are the characteristics of protists (algae)?

Mostly single-celled, eukaryotic, all photosynthesize, many are motile, widely distributed, important food source

What are the characteristics of protozoa?

Single-celled, eukaryotic with at least one nucleus, ingest or engulf food, most can move, but a few disease-causing species cannot

What are the characteristics of fungi?

Yeast and mold are single-celled, mushrooms are multicellular, have a nucleus and intracellular structures, are detritivores, some cause disease and some fight disease

What are the characteristics of viruses?

Acellular, composed of nucleic acids and proteins, replicate only by invading living cells, many cause disease in humans

Hippocrates

disease transmission

Thucyddies

immunity

Varro

germ theory

Semmelweis

connected childbed fever with autopsies

coccus

sphere shaped

bacillus

rod shaped

vibrio

curved rod shaped

coccobacillus

oval

spirillum

wave shaped

spirochete

curly shaped