Respiratory System

separates the nasal cavities and is composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer, and cartilage

nasal septum

• external nostrils

• protected by guard hairs

anterior nares

area posterior to the nares

nasal vestibule

• posterior to vestibule

• lined with mucous membrane that moistens the air

• membrane consists of: respiratory epithelium and pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

nasal cavity

wall of the nasal cavity has 3 protrusions - what are the 3

superior, middle, inferior conchae

nasal cavity finishes at what 2 openings

posterior nares and pharynx

the pharynx is divided into 3 sections

naso, oro, laryngo pharynx

what are the 2 openings of the nasopharynx

auditory tubes

passageway for food and air

oropharynx

• known as the voice box

• larger in males due to testosterone increasing size of cartilage: aka adams apple

larynx

what is the larynx composed of

thyroid cartilage

• inferior to thyroid cartilage

• thin band on anterior portion but thickens posteriorly

cricoid cartilage

• superior cricoid cartilage

• paired and attach to the posterior end of true vocal cords/folds

• movement causes the vocal folds to tighten resulting in the pitch of voice

arytenoid cartilages

• false vocal folds

• found above true vocal folds

vestibular folds

• most superior cartilage of larynx

• during swallowing protects the glottis (opening of larynx)

epiglottis

• wide pipe

• conducts air from the larynx to the lungs

• splits into 2 tubes which enter the lungs

trachea

• inferior part of trachea

• divides incoming air into the bronchi

carina

allows the esophagus to expand into the trachea during swallowing

posterior tracheal membrane

what cartilage is in the trachea

hyaline cartliage

what cartilage and epithelium is in the bronchis

hyaline cartilage and respiratory epithelium

what are the pleural sac parts

parietal and visceral pleura, pleura cavity

how many lobes are in the right lung then the left

3 right and 2 left

the lungs also have a ___ from where the heart sits

cardiac impression

small respiratory tubules with smooth muscle on the walls

bronchi

air sacs where O2 and CO2 exchange with the blood capillaries of the lungs

alveoli

a cluster of alveoli is called what

alveolar