Chromatin structure

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Last updated 5:44 PM on 5/1/26
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9 Terms

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Chromatin
a complex of DNA and proteins that forms the chromosomes in the cell nucleus.
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Linker histone H1
the most abundant chromatin protein, condenses chromatin, modulates DNA transactions such as transcription and stabilises internucleosomal DNA. It does not actually form the nucleosome octamer
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Decondensed H1 (by activators)
gene on (accessible)
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Condensed H1 (by repressors)

gene off (inacessible)

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In the compact, condensed form…

transcriptional machinery cannot access DNA, resulting in gene silencing. In this way, modification of histones by chromatin remodeling complexes changes chromatin architecture and gene activation.
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Core histone proteins (~147bp) are central to the...
nucleosome (variable but over ~147bp)
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Histone modifications can take place...

at the accessible N terminal histone tails.

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most researched examples of the 9 histone modifications

Acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation

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Lesser known histone modifications

GlcNAcylation and krotonilation are examples of more recent discoveries that have yet to be thoroughly investigated.