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aller PRESENT conjugation
je vais, tu vas, il va, nous allons, vous allez, ils vont
sortir/dormir/partir/servir PRESENT conjugation
je sors, tu sors, il sort, nous sortons, vous sortez, ils sortent
ouvrir/offrir/souffrir/découvrir PRESENT conjugation
j’ouvre, tu ouvres, il ouvre, nous ouvrons, vous ouvrez, ils ouvrent
avoir PRESENT conjugation
j’ai, tu as, il a, nous avons, vous avez, ils ont
boire PRESENT conjugation
bois, bois, boit, buvons, buvez, boivent
conduire PRESENT conjugation
conduis, conduis, conduit, conduisons, conduisez, conduisent
connaître PRESENT conjugation
connais, connais, connaît, connaissons, connaissez, connaissent
courir PRESENT conjugation
cours, cours, court, courons, courez, courent
craindre PRESENT conjugation
crains, crains, craint, craignons, craignez, craignent
croire PRESENT conjugation
crois, crois, croit, croyons, croyez, croient
devoir PRESENT conjugation
dois, dois, doit, devons, devez, doivent
dire PRESENT conjugation
dis, dis, dit, disons, dites, disent
écrire PRESENT conjugation
écris, écris, écrit, écrivons, écrivez, écrivent
être PRESENT conjugation
suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont
faire PRESENT conjugation
fais, fais, fait, faisons, faites, font
falloir PRESENT conjugation
il faut
lire PRESENT conjugation
lis, lis, lit, lisons, lisez, lisent
mettre PRESENT conjugation
mets, mets, met, mettons, mettez, mettent
mourir PRESENT conjugation
meurs, meurs, meurt, mourons, mourez, meurent
plaire PRESENT conjugation
plais, plais, plaît, plaisons, plaisez, plaisent
pleuvoir PRESENT conjugation
il pleut
pouvoir PRESENT conjugation
peux, peux, peut, pouvons, pouvez, peuvent
prendre PRESENT conjugation
prends, prends, prend, prenons, prenez, prennent
recevoir PRESENT conjugation
reçois, reçois, reçoit, recevons, recevez, reçoivent
rire PRESENT conjugation
ris, ris, rit, rions, riez, rient
savoir PRESENT conjugation
sais, sais, sait, savons, savez, savent
suivre PRESENT conjugation
suis, suis, suit, suivons, suivez, suivent
valoir PRESENT conjugation
vaux, vaux, vaut, valons, valez, valent
venir PRESENT conjugation
viens, viens, vient, venons, venez, viennent
vivre PRESENT conjugation
vis, vis, vit, vivons, vivez, vivent
voir PRESENT conjugation
vois, vois, voit, voyons, voyez, voient
vouloir PRESENT conjugation
veux, veux, veut, voulons, voulez, veulent
Formation of the near future
aller+infinitive
Formation of the recent past
venir de+ infinitive
c’est and ce sont are followed by a ___, a ____ or ____
NOUN, PRONOUN, INFINITIVE
Il/elle est and ils/elles sont are followed by ____
ADJECTIVES
The only time c’est is followed by an adjective
when the adjective is modifying a concept, series of events, situation, not just a single person or thing
Verbs that use ÊTRE in passé composé
devenir, revenir, monter, rentrer, sortir, venir, aller, naître, descendre, entrer, rester, tomber, retourner, arriver, mourir, passer
apprendre past participle
appris
avoir past participle
eu
boire past participle
bu
conduire past participle
conduit
connaître past participle
connu
courir past participle
couru
découvrir past participle
découvert
devoir past participle
dû
dire past participle
dit
écrire past participle
écrit
être past participle
été
faire past participle
fait
lire past participle
lu
mettre past participle
mis
ouvrir past participle
ouvert
pouvoir past participle
pu
prendre past participle
pris
recevoir past participle
reçu
savoir past participle
su
suivre past participle
suivi
vivre past participle
vécu
voir past participle
vu
vouloir past participle
voulu
when verbs use être in the passé composé, they…
AGREE with the SUBJECT
WHEN is there agreement with avoir in the past participle
when a verb conjugated with avoir has a DIRECT OBJECT that is placed BEFORE the verb, the past particle will agree in GENDER and NUMBER with the DIRECT OBJECT.
Most of the time, a reflexive pronoun functions like a DIRECT OBJECT that precedes the verb; if it is feminine/plural, you must…
make the past participle AGREE.
if the reflexive pronoun is functioning as an INDIRECT OBJECT…
no agreement with the past participle. ex: se dire, se donner, s’écrire, se parler, se téléphoner
when the reflexive verb has both a direct and indirect object…
the past participle will not agree with the direct object if it comes AFTER the verb, but it WILL agree with the direct object if it comes BEFORE the verb; Elle s’est brossé les dents, vs Elle se les est brosséES
formation of the imparfait
stem (nous form of present-ons)+ ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient
être stem in imparfait
ét-
when to use the imparfait
to describe the way things used to be, or what a person used to to—>ongoing states and repeated, habitual actions
to designate an action that was in progress when it was interrupted by the next event in a story
to add descriptive background info that ‘sets the stage’ for the main events (any descriptions, emotions, etc)
description of the plus-que-parfait
something in the past of the past; I HAD done, we HAD gone, etc
formation of the plus-que-parfait
use the imparfait of the auxiliary verb (avoir or être) + the past participle; follow the SAME rules as the passé composé
direct object pronouns
me (m’), te (t’), le/la (l’), nous, vous, les
indirect object pronouns are preceded by ___, and refer only to ____
the preposition à, PEOPLE
indirect object pronouns
me (m’), te (t’), lui, nous, vous, leur
When a sentence has a verb plus an infinitive, the pronoun will generally precede ___
the infinitive
structure of negation with object prns for a one-word conjugated verb
subject + ne + object pronoun(s) + verb + pas
structure of negation with object prns for a compound verb
subject + ne + object pronoun(s) + auxiliary + pas + past participle
structure of negation with object prns for an inverted question with a one word conjugated verb
ne + object pronoun(s) + verb + subject + pronoun + pas
structure of negation with object prns for an inverted question with a compound verb
ne + object pronoun(s) + auxiliary + subject prn + pas + past participle (ne les avez-vous pas vus?)
to go away
s’en aller
to expect
s’attendre à
to trust
se fier à
to think, to tell oneself
se dire
to remember
se rappeler
to use
se servir de
to remember
se souvenir de
to get the wrong (number, answer, etc)
se tromper de (numéro, réponse, etc)
les pronoms toniques
moi, toi, lui/elle/soi, nous, vous, eux/elles
when les pronoms toniques are used
after prepositions
in the case of penser à, parler de, se fier à, and être à, a stressed prn is used rather than an ind. object prn