Science

Science Semester test

What is an atom?

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

What is nuclear fission?

Nuclear fission is the process of splitting a heavy atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei, along with the release of energy and free neutrons.

what is a nuclear fusion

Nuclear fusion is the process of merging two smaller nuclei into a heavier atomic nucleus, accompanied by the release by a significant amount of energy.

What is the difference between a nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?

They are both basically the opposite of each other. While one merges into a heaveier atmoic nucleus, the other divided into two smaller nuclei.

what is the foundational structure of an atom?

The foundational structure of an atom contains of protons, nuetrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, meanwhile electrons are outside the nucleus constantly orbting around the nuclues in a circle.

What is a proton

A proton is a posotivly charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom

What is a molecule?

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

What is a neutron?

A neutron is a neutral subatomic particle found in the nuclues of every atom, other than hydrogen.

what is a electron

An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle orbiting around the nucleus of an atom on a ring.

What are isotopes?

Variations of atoms with same amounts of protons, but have a different amount of neutrons.

Are all isotopes stable? and if not, why not and what are they called?

No. Not all isotopes are stable, since isotopes can have too many protons or too many neutrons. These type of isotopes are known as radioactive isotopes, or in short radioisotopes.

What is the charge for a proton, neutron and electron.

Proton is +1, posotively charged. Electron is -1, negatively charged and a neutron is neutral.

what is a radioisotope?

Isotopes that consist an unbalance of either too many neutrons or too many protons.

How do radioisotopes become balanced again?

Through a process known as radioactive decay.

What is radioactive decay?

Radioactive decay is when radioisotopes emit a massive amount of energy or decay to become stable yet again.

What are the types of decay thrown out by Radioactive Decay?

Alpha particles, Beta particles, and Gamma particles.

Which one of these three decays have the most penetrating power

Which one of these three are the heaviest

which one is the most stable?

Which one is the negative charged one

What is Alpha particles?

Relatively heavy, posotively charged particles consistinbg of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. They are highly ionizing but have very low penetrating power

what is gamma particles

Gamma particles are massless, packets of pure, high-energy photons emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

What are beta particles

Beta particles are the opposite of Alpha particles. They are relatively light, negatively charged particles consisting of 2 electrons and neutrons. Their ionizing power is low, and have a medium level of penetration.

distinguish between alpha and beta particles

Alpha particles and Beta particles are basically the exact opposite. While Alpha particle has high ionizing power, positively charged with 2 protons and 2 neutron and low penetration power. Beta particles has low ionizing power, negatively charged with 2 electrons and 2 neutrons, with medium penetration power.

What is energy?

The ability to work

What is the unit for energy?

Joules(J)

State law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be destroyed or created. It can only be transformed or transferred from one object to another

Energy Transformation

When one type of energy transforms into another one. Just say heat energy turned into light energy

Energy transfer

When energy transfers from one object to another. This can be seen using a lightbulb

Energy efficiency?

The ratio of useful energy output to the total energy output.

Kinetic energy?

Energy that is seen when something is in motion. This can be seen in a pendulum.

potential energy

The stored energy an object has due to its arrangement, size or position.

Heat energy and example?

Normally the most wasted type of energy, but heat energy is energy that heats up objects, normally due to the fact that the atoms and molecules in the object are shaking more vigorously and faster.

Light energy

Electromagnetic energy that travels in waves. LIke sunglight and X-rays.

molecule

Group of two or more atoms grouped together.

Electrical energy

The energy generated by charged particles(electrons)

Sound energy

Energy produced by vibrations of matter

Nuclear energy

Energy from the nuclues of an atom(fission and fusion)

Chemical energy

Energy in the chemical bonds of atoms and molecules.

Gravitational potential energy

energy stored in object due to height or postion of the ground.

Elastic potential energy

Energy that is found in an object when stretched or compressed.

Current

the flow of electrical charge