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G1
The cell grows
S
DNA replicates in S phase
G2
cell prepares to divide
Prophase
chromosomes thicken and coil up
Metaphase
chromosomes align at the cell's equator
Telophase
two new nuclei form in the daughter cells and begin to seperate
Anaphase
chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
Interphase
The phase where the cell prepares for division, including DNA replication and growth.
apoptosis
A programmed cell death process that eliminates unnecessary or damaged cells, maintaining homeostasis and normal development.
centromere
The region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined, important for proper chromosome movement during cell division.
chromatin
The complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
chromosome
A thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
DNA replication
The process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, resulting in two identical copies of the genetic material prior to cell division.
sister chromatids
The two identical copies of a chromosome that are connected by a centromere, created during DNA replication.
cell division
The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells, essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in organisms.
differentiation
The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function, allowing for the development of diverse cell types in an organism.