Poetic Terminology - GCSE
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40 Terms
Stanza
A verse in a poem.
Couplet
A stanza with two lines.
Tercet
A stanza with three lines.
Quatrain
A stanza with four lines.
Sonnet
A metered poem of 14 lines
Dramatic monologue
A poem which is written in the distinct voice of one character.
Volta
A break in the middle of a poem
Cyclical structure
A poem that begins and ends in a similar way.
End stopped
A line ending in a full stop or other punctuation.
Enjambment
A line or stanza with no punctuation at the end
Caesura
Punctuation in the middle of a line causing a pause for effect.
Meter
The beats that make a set rhythm in a poem.
Iamb
A pair of syllables in a poem.
Iambic pentameter
Lines in the poem have 10 syllables in a line
Iambic tetrameter
Lines in the poem have 8 syllables in a line
Free verse
A poem with no meter at all.
Slant rhyme
When words have similar but not identical sounds. e.g. all and soul.
Syntax
The expected order of words. A disruption of natural word order is when this is changed.
Alliteration
The repetition of identical sounds
Allusion
A reference to external culture
Anaphora
Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of a line repeatedly in a poem.
Asyndetic listing
Listing with only commas
Polysyndeton
Listing with only connective words and no commas - often creates a sense of an onslaught or exaggeration.
Assonance
The repetition of identical vowel sounds in different words in close proximity
Imagery
The use of sensory images and figurative (metaphorical) language.
Juxtaposition
Two contrasting ideas closely linked together.
Metaphor
A comparison between two unlike things
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate the thing they describe. e.g. buzz
Oxymoron
A phrase made up of two contrasting words
Plosives
The repeated use of certain hard-sounding consonants: t, k, p, d, g, b.
Personification
Attributing human characteristics to nonhuman things.
Refrain
An identically repeated line in a poem.
Repetition
Repeating a sound or word for effect.
Simile
A direct comparison between two dissimilar things; uses 'like' or 'as' to state the terms of the comparison.
Symbolism
The use of a symbol to represent a larger concept or idea.
Zoomorphism
Imagery relating to descriptions of anything human to something animal.
Tone
The attitude of the writer towards the subject they are writing about.
Sibilance
Alliteration of 's' sounds.
Fricative alliteration
Alliteration of 'f' sounds.
Voice
The speaker in the poem.