BIOL 101-3 part 1

What does the digestive system provides 5

energy

also reffered to as the oral cavity 6

mouth

referred to as buccal cavity 6

mouth

the arch shaped muscular partition between the oral and nasopharyxn 6

the soft palate

are the accesory digestive organs located in sockets of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxillae 6

teeth

glands that releases a secretion called savila into the oral cavity 7

salivary glands

located inferior and anterior to the ears 7

paratoid

located below the toungue 7

sublingual

located in the floow of the mouth (jawbone) 7

submandibular

pharynx 8

throat

a funnel shaped tube that extends from the internal nares 8

pharynx (throat)

posteriorly to the esophagus and anteriorly to the larynx 8

phrarynx (throat)

J-shaped enlargement of the GI tract 10

stomach

inferior to the diaphragm in the abdomen 10

stomach

body habitus 10

body shape

surrounds opening of the esophagus into the stomach 10

cardia

most superior portion of the stomach, round and to the left of the cardia 10

fundus

first part of the small intestine 11

duodenum

how long is the duodenum 11

shorstest region 25cm (10 in)

second part of the small intestine 11

jejunum

teminal portion of small intestine 11

ileum

how long is the ileum 11

longest region 2m (6ft)

opening from the ileum into the large intestive 12

ileocecal valve

ascends on the right side of the abdomen 12

ascending colon

reaches the inferior surface of the liver, turns abrubtly to the left 12

ascending colon

curve/bend on the right side of the colon in proximity to the liver 12

right colic (hepatic) fluxure

continuation of colon across the abdomen to the left side 12

transverse colon

descends inferiorly to the level of the iliac crest 12

descending colon

hanging inferior to ileocecal valve is a small pouch about 2.4in long 12

cecum

heaviest gland of the body 14

liver

how much does the liver weight? 14

3lb

pear shaped sac that is located in a depression of the posterior surface of the liver 15

gallblader

joins the common hepatic duct a the gallblader 15

cystic duct

only source of chemical energy 16

purpose of digestion

breaking down larger food particles into molecules small enough to enter cells of the body 16

process of digestion

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food 16

digestionp

passage of digested products from GI tract into blood and lymph 16

absorption

processed and indigestible substances leave the body through the anus 16

defecation

eliminated material is termed… 16

feces

oral or buccal cavity 17

mouth

reduce food to smaller particles swallowing 17

teeth

manipulates food for chewing and swallowing, shapes food, and senses taste 17

toungue (ligula)

saliva amylase (enzymes) split carbohydrates into smaller particles for digestion 17

salivary glands

located on side of mouth along jaw bone 17

paratoid

located below the tongue 17

sublingual

located below the mandible (jawbone) 17

submandibular

wave-like propulsion of food 18

peristalsis

secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL) 19

parietal cells

major site of digestion and absorption 20

small intestine

the site where the most digestion occurs 20

duodenum

the site where most absorption occurs 20

jejunum

absorption of water, ions, and vitamins 20

fuctions of the large intestine

a congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ 25

atresia

congenital discontiation of the ileum 25

ileal atresia

the most frequent type of bowel atresia that is present a few days after birth 25

ileal atresia

anomaly of the stomach where the pyloric canal leading out of the stomach is greatly narrowed because of hepertrophy of the pyloric sphincter 26

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

occurs when the intestines are not in their normal position 26

malrotation

complete reversal of all abdominal organs 26

situs inversus

absence of neurons in the bowel wall 26

hirschsprung’s disease

hirschsprung’s disease signs and symptons 27

1. infant passes little meconium and abdomen becomes distended

2. severe constipation as patient ages

3. recurrent fecal impactations

hirschsprung’s disease treatment 27

temporary colostomy until surgical resection later

prevents a sac-like anomally located a short distance from the ileocecal valve 27

meckel’s diverticulum

can occur secondary to ingestion of caustic materials or any factor that inflames the mucosa and creates scarring 27

esophageal strictures

incompetent cardiac sphincter allowing the blackward flow of gast4ric acid and contents into the esophagus 27

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

precursor to gastric ulce 28

erosive gastritis

results from obstruction or rarely a neoplasm 29

appendicitis

initial symptom of appendicitis 29

inital pain in epigastrium that moves to right-lower quadrant and becomes persistent

protrusion of a loop of bowel through a small opening, usually the abdominal wall 30

herniation

a weakness of the esophageal hiatus that permits some portions of the stomach to herniated into the throracic cavity 30

hiatal hernia

occurs from blockage of the bowel lumen 30

mechanical bowel/ paralyctic ileus

causes impairment of blood flow and swelling of tissue 30

mechanical bowel/ paralyctic ileus

predisposing factors of mechanical bowel/paralytic ileus 30

incarcerated hernia

occurs when a segment of bowel, constricted by peristalsis, telescopes into a distqal segement and is driven further into the distal bowel by peristalsis 31

intussusception

small masses of tissue arising from the bowel wall to project inward into the lumen 32

coloonic polyps

adenocarcinoma is the most common type 33

colon cancer