Ch 4 T&E

nonelectrolyte

a substance that does not form ions in solution, and therefore cannot conduct an electric current

endothermic

the heat energy must be taken into the system

unsaturated

any solution that contains less solute then a saturated solution under the same

electrolyte

A substance that forms ions in solution, and therefore conducts an electric current

actual yield

quantity of product that is obtained after the completion of the reaction

titration

process of reacting a solution of unknown concentration with a solution of known concentration

molarity

concentration of a solution

stock solution

prepared solutions in concentrated forms

theoretical yield

quantity of product that is calculated from when all of the limiting reagent reacts

limiting reagent

reactant that limits the amount of the other reactants that can combine and the amount of product they can form in a chemical reaction

aqueous solution

solution in which i'm the dissolving medium is water

strong electrolyte

soluble ionic compounds and strong acids/bases

net ionic equation

an equation the only includes ions and molecules directly involved in a chemical reaction

exothermic

heat energy is released from the system

solvent

the dissolving medium of a solution

dilution

Process of adding water to lower concentrations of stock solutions M1V1\=M2V2

stoichiometry

relationships among the quantities of reactants and products involved in chemical reactions

dissociation

process by which an ionic solid separates into its component ions as it dissolves

Antoine Lavoisier

French chemist and biologist who made significant contributions to the processes that occur during chemical reactions

molecular equation

an equation showing complete formulas of reactants and products

standard solution

a solution of known concentration

colloid

mixture containing particles, larger than normal solutes, but small enough to remain suspended in the dispersing medium

solute

component that is dissolved in the solvent

equivalence point

point in a titration where stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of known and unknown solutions have been combined

solubility

amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given quantity of a solvent at a given temperature

volumetric flask

flask used to prepare solutions with specific concentrations

saturated

is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute possible

solution

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

side reaction

An undesired chemical reaction that consumes some of the reactant and reduces the overall yield of the desired product

side reaction

a reaction that takes place within another reaction that may create a product with more/less mass

percent yield

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

spectator ion

ions that appear an identical forms on the reactant and product side of a balanced equation

M1V1\=M2V2

dilution equation

weak electrolyte

some molecular compounds that undergo partial ionization in which some of the molecules are able to disassociate, while the remainder of molecules remain intact

ionic equation

and equation showing all soluble ionic compounds as ions

supersaturated

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions

mol/L

molarity formula-mols per liter of solvent