Musculoskeletal System, Mobility, & Hygiene

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the musculoskeletal system, mobility, hygiene, and their implications for health care.

Musculoskeletal System

The body system that includes muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments, which work together for movement and support.

Immobility

State in which an individual cannot move or is unable to move freely.

Body Mechanics

The use of correct posture and movement during activities to prevent injuries.

Range of Motion (ROM) Exercises

Exercises that help maintain or increase flexibility and joint function.

Assistive Devices

Tools or equipment designed to aid individuals in performing daily activities.

Hygiene

Practices that promote health and cleanliness to prevent infections.

Cartilage

A flexible tissue that cushions joints and reduces friction.

Tendons

Connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.

Ligaments

Fibrous tissues that connect bones at joints and provide stability.

Synovial Joints

Joints that allow for a range of motion and are surrounded by a synovial membrane.

Disuse osteoporosis

Loss of bone density due to lack of use, increasing fracture risk.

Sarcopenia

Loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging or immobility.

Joint Contractures

Inability to fully extend a joint due to shortening of muscles or ligaments.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A decrease in blood pressure when a person stands up, leading to dizziness.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

A blood clot formed in a deep vein, often in the legs, that can lead to serious complications.

Atelectasis

Collapse of part or all of a lung, impairing gas exchange.

Pneumonia

Lung infection that can occur due to stagnant secretions in a confined position.

Heat Generation

Process where muscles produce heat during contraction to help regulate body temperature.

Support

The role of the musculoskeletal system to provide a framework for the body.

Protection

The role of bones to protect vital organs from injury.

Production

The process of the red bone marrow producing blood cells.

Storage

The function of bones in storing essential minerals and lipids.

Mobility Assessment

Evaluation of a client's ability to move safely and independently.

Mobility Levels

Different stages of assistance needed for clients while performing tasks.

Gait Belt

A safety device used to assist patients while walking or transferring.

Ergonomics

The study of designing workplace environments that improve efficiency and reduce injury.

Client Transfer Devices

Equipment used to safely move clients from one position to another.

Integumentary System

The system that includes skin, hair, and nails, serving as the body's first line of defense.

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)

Infections that clients acquire while receiving treatment for medical or surgical conditions.

Hand Hygiene

The practice of cleaning hands to prevent infection.

Perineal Care

Hygiene practices focused on the genital area to prevent infections.

Core Hygiene Practices

Fundamental techniques to maintain cleanliness and health.

Adaptive Techniques

Methods tailored to assist clients with limitations in performing daily activities.

Aseptic Technique

Procedures and practices used to minimize contamination by pathogens.

Bariatric Care

Healthcare practices tailored for overweight or obese patients.

Visual Impairment Care

Special considerations for assisting patients with visual disabilities.

Bathing Methods

Different approaches to bathing clients to maintain skin integrity.

Traditional Basin Bathing

Method involving washing a client in a basin, which may harbor pathogens.

Prepackaged Bathing Products

Disposable cloths premoistened with cleaning fluid for convenient washing.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) Bathing

Using CHG-soaked cloths to reduce infection risk, particularly in high-risk patients.

Flexion

Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two body parts.

Extension

Straightening a joint to increase the angle between two body parts.

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a limb towards the body's midline.

Pronation

Turning a body part so that it faces downward or backward.

Supination

Turning a body part so that it faces upward or forward.

Circumduction

Circular motion of a limb at a joint.

Rotation

Movement around an axis.

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Timed Up & Go (TUG) Test

Assessment of mobility that measures the time it takes to stand, walk, and sit down.

Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

Subjective scale of exercise intensity from 6 (no exertion) to 20 (maximum exertion).

Medical Emergency

A serious, unexpected situation requiring immediate medical attention.

Compromise Skin Integrity

Damage to skin that can increase infection risk.

Client-centered Care

Health care that considers the client's preferences, needs, and values.

Basic Hygiene Principles

Essential guidelines for maintaining health and cleanliness.

Promoting Independence

Encouraging clients to do as much as possible for themselves to maintain dignity.