Test Review: Hearing, Smell, & Taste Test

sweet

sugar

sour

acid

bitter

alkaloids

umami

savory

salty

sodium

What do ceruminous glands secrete? Where in the ear are they found?

cerumen and External Auditory Cavity

What are the 3 ossicles? These are the smallest ________in the human body. What area (external, middle, inner) of the ear are they found?

anvil, stirrup(stapes), hammer(malleus) are the smallest bones

What area of the ear are the ossicles found?

middle ear

What is the sense organ for taste?

taste buds

What is the sense organ for smell?

olfactory epithelium

How many receptor cells are in each of the sense organs for smell? Name an animal that has more than humans

millions, dogs, elephants, deer

What are the 2 major functions of the ear?

hearing and equilibrium

Which structure(s) in the inner ear are for hearing? How about for equilibrium?

hearing-cochlea/cochlear nerve and equilibrium-semicircular canals/vesticular nerve

What other types of sensory receptors contribute to the overall experience of enjoying food? The secretion of what substances increases as you begin to taste food?

olfactory receptors and mechanoreceptors. saliva and gastric juice

The receptors for taste and smell are _____________receptors.

chemoreceptors

What other types of receptors play a role in your overall taste sensation?

mechanoreceptors, themoreceptors, nocireceptors

Taste is actually _________% smell.

80%

What is olfactory adaptation?

scent granules lodged into receptors and makes us “noseblind” or used to a certain smell

What type of cell blocks the chemicals from binding to the receptors?

sustentacular cells

What may happen if you have a zinc deficiency? What is zinc required for?

Zinc is required to grow olfactory epithelium cells. decreased zn equals loss of smell and taste

What are the 3 major areas of the ear? What structures are found in each area?

Outer ear(auricle/pinna, EAC, tympanic membrane) middle ear(ossicles, eustachian tube) inner ear(cochle, cochlear nerve, vestibular nerve, semicircular canals)

function of ossicles

transmit vibrations of eardrum to oval window to inner ear(hearing)

function of eustachian tube

connects w throat and has a cavity for air pressure maintenance/ amplifies sound so it can pass thru liquid in middle ear

function of auricle/pinna

catch waves and passes them into ear

function of EAC

sound deeper into ear and lined w hair

function of tympanic membrane

separate outer/middle ear, made of thin connective tissue and transfers energy to bones of middle ear

function of cochlea

hearing receptors

function of cochlear nerve

send messages to brain to process sound

function of vestibular nerve

send “motion” messages

function of semicircular canals

balance receptors

What is motion sickness? What causes this disorder?

sensory conflict. brain gets conflicting messages

What is another name for the eardrum?

tympanic membrane