Midterm Exam - Botany

What is ROPS?

Roll Over Protective Structure

Step 1 of Starting A Tractor

Seat belt

Step 2 of Starting A Tractor

Brakes in park

Step 3 of Starting A Tractor

Neutral

Step 4 of Starting A Tractor

Throttle to 1/4

Step 5 of Starting A Tractor

Start

Step 6 of Starting A Tractor

Finish pre-op checks

Step 7 of Starting A Tractor

Release parking brake and put into safe gear

Throttle

orange, right of steering wheel

Parking Brake

lower left side of floor

Gear Shifter

left side of seat

Forward Pedal

lower right side of floor; inner pedal

Reverse Pedal

right hand side of floor; outside pedal

Step 1 of Stopping A Tractor

Remove foot from forward/revers

Step 2 of Stopping A Tractor

Shift speed lever into neutral

Step 3 of Stopping A Tractor

Set parking into neutral

Step 4 of Stopping A Tractor

Turn off and remove key

Backing Up 2 Wheel Trailer - Turn wheel the _____ way you want the wagon to go. Be ____ and go _____.

opposite, patient, slow

Backing Up 4 Wheel Trailer - Easier to go farther ahead and get ____, then to turn over a ____ distance. Turn the tractor the ______way you want the wagon to go. Make _____ turns.

straight, short, same, small

Most farming accidents are caused by ____, _____, _____, ______, or ____ operators.

tired, rushed, stressed, distracted, incompetent

Wear appropriate ____.

clothing

Install __ _____before operation.

safety guards

____% of all extra-rider injuries involve children under the age of _____.

73, 10

_____ _______are the leading cause of fatalities and injuries on a farm.

Tractor Accidents

___% of all tractor accidents are the result of tractor roll-overs.

36

Stay at a distance at least twice your _______.

height

Shelter should keep _______ out.

weather

Shelter should protect broilers from _____/______ animals.

predators, wild

Shelter should have good ___.

ventilation

Shelter should have the ability to ___.

expand

Shelter should be ______, depending on animal and age.

warm

Shelter should be _____ and ___ before animals arrive.

clean, disinfected

A brooder is a place to start _____. It is ___.

chicks, heated

You can make a brooder or use __ _____.

heat lamps

Use a ____ _____ so learn where the ______ _____ is.

chick guard, heat source

A brooder is able to adjust _____.

temperature

First couple of weeks ____ degrees, reduce to _-__, reduce _____ degrees each week.

95, 70, 75, 5

Litter/Bedding

Saw dust/wood chips, straw, newspaper/corn cobs

Litter keeps animal ____ and _____. Should be changed ____.

clean, healthy, often

Litter removes _____ fumes.

ammonia

Space: _/_ square foot for _ weeks.

1/2, 3

Space: ____ square foot full grown.

1

Best to use a ____ _____/______ mix

complete feed, broiler

Protein: _-_%

22, 26

May start on a _____ feed.

medicated

Maintain __ level of _____ ___.

constant, feed type

What are the 3 types of feed?

Pellets, crumbles, and ground

Feed Make-Up: ____ and ______ products

meat, plant

Protein from both and __.

plants, animals

Protein - what is the plant?

Soybean

Protein - what are the animals?

Fish meal, bone meal, vegetable & animal fats

Energy - what is the plant?

Corn

Energy - what are the animals?

Fats: vegetables & animals

Water: fresh ______

daily

_____ and _____ should be at back level.

Feeders, waters

What are the traits of healthy birds?

Bright eyes, movement, yellow legs, brightened combs

Healthy body temp?

103 degrees Fahrenheit

Healthy Heart Rate?

280-315 bpm

What is the most valuable meat on a chicken?

Breast

What meat can you cut off of a chicken?

Leg, wing, thigh, gizzard

What are broilers typically sold at (weight)?

5-7 lbs

What are broilers typically sold at (age)?

6-8 weeks old

Layer Chicken

Egg producing chicken

It takes a layer chicken __ _____ to reach maturity to ______ __ ____.

6 months, lay an egg

Layer chickens lay around __ egg every _ hours.

1, 23

The _______ is a common breed. They are __ and are around _ lbs.

Leghorn, white, 4

Coccidiosis

a disease of birds and mammals that chiefly affects the intestines, caused by coccidia.

Slip Tendon

a leg deformity where the Achilles tendon slips out of its groove in the hock joint.

Roaster Chicken

a foodstuff that is particularly suitable for roasting, especially a chicken

__ is the most common egg laying breed.

Leghorn

___ _____ cross popular broiler breed.

Cornish Rock

What are the top producing states for broilers?

Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas

What are the top producing states for turkeys?

Minnesota & North Carolina

What are the top producing states for egg laying?

Iowa, Ohio, Indiana

Mouth/Beak

perfect tool for pecking feed in crumble/pellet form, small grains, grass or insects.

Esophagus/Gullet

saliva and enzymes are added as the food moves from the mouth into the esophagus.

Crop

moistens food & is a temporary storage for food.

Proventriculus

digestive enzymes are added to the mix and physical grinding of the food occurs.

Gizzard

muscular part of the stomach and uses grit (small, hard particles of pebbles/sand) to grind grains and fiber into smaller, more digestible, particles

Small Intestine

nutrients are absorbed

Liver

the largest glandular organ in the body. Aids metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Ceca

bacterial action helps break down undigested food passing through the intestine.

Large Intestine

functions primarily to absorb water, dry out indigestible foods and eliminate waste products.

Cloaca

where the digestive, urinary and reproductive system meet.

Urinary System

consists of 2 kidneys and 2 ureters. Kidneys are located in the pelvic bones; filter waste form the blood and pass it through the ureter to the outside via the cloaca/vent.

Vent

the external opening of the cloaca that passes waste to the outside.

Gallbladder

part of digestive system and contains bile, which aids in fat digestion.

Broiler

a young chicken suitable for roasting, grilling, or barbecuing

Capon

a castrated male chicken fattened for eating

Cockerel

a young rooster

Fryer

a small young chicken suitable for frying

Hen

a female bird, especially of a domestic fowl

Rooster

a male domestic chicken

Spent Hen

an egg laying hen that has reached the end of its productive period

Straight Run

a mix of male and female baby chicks that are sold without sex being identified

Poult

a young domestic turkey being raised for food

Hen (turkey)

a female turkey

Tom

a male turkey

The top poultry industries include ______, _____, ____, and ______.

chickens, turkeys, ducks, eggs

______ are found in specialized breeds which have been developed for ____ or ___ production through ___ selection.

Chickens, meat, egg, genetic