The Upper Limb: Bones and Joints

Carpus

Wrist or ...

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform

Carpals: Proximal row from thumb side

Scaphoid (os scaphoideum)

- Navicular bone of wrist

- Boat shaped and lies on the lateral side of the wrist

Lunate (os lunatum)

Carpal: crescent shaped, resembling a half-moon

Triquetral (os triqeutrum)

Carpal: triangular bone, triangular in shape

Pisform (os pisiforme)

Carpal: it lies anterior to Triquetral bone and forms anteromedial part of the wrist

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

distal row of carpals from thumb side

Trapezium (os trapezium)

Carpal: greater multangular bone

Trapezoid (os trapezoidum)

Carpal: Lesser multangular bone

Capitate (os magnum/ os capitatum)

Largest carpal

Hamate (Os hamatum)

Has a hooklike process called the hamulus

Thumb or pollex

First digit

Sternoclavicular

sternum and clavicle

Acromioclavicular

Scapula and clavicle

Shoulder joint

scapula and humerus

Elbow joint

Humerus, radius, and ulna

Humeroradial

Elbow joint between humerus and radius.

Humeroulnar

Elbow joint between humerus and ulna.

Proximal radioulnar

Radius and ulna (proximal)

Distal radioulnar

Radius and ulna (distal)

Intercarpal joints

between adjacent carpals

Carpometacarpals

Carpals and metacarpals

metacarpophalangeal joint

metacarpals and phalanges

Interphalangeal

between adjacent phalanges

Scapula

Flat triangular bone that lies against the upper posterolateral chest wall

Acromion

The flat rounded lateral end of the spine (scapula)

glenoid cavity

Is an oval depression on the lateral surface of the head of the scapula

Coracoid process

Is a beaklike projection originating from the anterior border of the neck of the scapula

Clavicle

Is a long flat bone somewhat resembles an old fashioned key

Conoid tubercle

small rough prominence on the posterior margin of the inferior surface towards the acromion end (clavicle)

Humerus

A long cylindrical bone that reaches from the shoulder to the elbow

intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)

Is a furrow that extends longitudinally on the anterior surface of the upper humerus between the greater and lesser tubercle

Anatomical neck

Slightly constricted obliquely directed part of the humerus between the head and the remainder of the bone

Surgical neck

Constricted part of the humerus below the tubercles

Deltoid tubercle

A rough prominence on the anterolateral surface (humerus)

Capitulum (little head)

small rounded prominence forming the lateral part of the lower articular end of the humerus

Trochlea (pulley)

forms the medial part of the distal articular surface of the humerus

Coronoid fossa

A depression on front of the lower humerus immediately above the trochlea

Radial fossa

A small depression on the front of the lower humerus above the capitulum

Olecranon fossa

A depression on the back of the lower humerus above the trochlea

Medial epicondyle

Knucklelike rounded bony prominence on the lateral margin of the lower humerus above the capitulum

Lateral epicondyle

Smaller bony prominence on the lateral margin of the lower humerus

Ulnar groove

Is a furrow on the dorsal surface of the medial epicondyle through which the ulnar nerve descends to the forearm

Radius

lateral bone of the forearm

Radial tuberosity

A rough prominence on the anteromedial surface of the radius below it's neck

Styloid process

A large bony prominence on the lateral border and distal end of the radius

Ulnar notch

A small depression on the medial margin of the distal end of the radius above its articulated surface

Carpal articular surface

large smooth area on the distal end of the radius that articulates with the carpal bones to form the wrist joint

ulna

medial bone of the forearm

Olecranon process

Bluntly rounded upper end of the ulna that lies posterior to the elbow joint

Coronoid process

Extends anteriorly from the upper part of the body of the ulna. It is beaklike and lies below and anterior to the Olecranon

trochlear notch (semilunar notch)

concave half-moon shaped hollow on the anterior surface of the olecranon and the upper curved surface of the coronoid process.

Radial notch

Is a depression on the lateral surface of the upper ulna below the trochlear notch

styloid process of the ulna

Is a small pointed prominence that extends distally from the posteromedial border of the ulnar head

Sesamoid bones

- Small oval or rounded masses of bone tissue that develop in tendons

- they are composed of bone cells, and are not just deposits of calcium

Patella

largest sesamoid bone

Gliding joint

What kind of joint? Sternoclavicular joint

Gliding joint

What kind of joint? Acromioclavicular joint

Ball and socket joint

What kind of joint? Shoulder joint

Hinge joint

What kind of joint? Elbow joint (Cubital joint)

Pivot joint

What kind of joint? Proximal radioulnar joint

Pivot joint

What kind of joint? Distal radioulnar joint

Condylar joint

What kind of joint? Wrist joint

Gliding joint

What kind of joint? Intermetacarpal joints

Saddle joint

What kind of joint? Carpometacarpal joint at Thumb

Gliding joint

What kind of joint? Carpommetacarpal joint of fingers except thumb

Hinge joint

What kind of joint? Proximal interphalangeal joint

Hinge joint

What kind of joint? Distal interphalangeal joint

Carpal tunnel

Formed anterior to the wrist by a

transverse carpal ligament that is

attached to the scaphoid and trapezium

laterally and to the pisiform and hook of

the hamate medially.

Carpal tunnel

This ligament, together with the anterior

curved surfaces of the carpal bones,

forms a tunnel for the tendons, blood

vessels and nerves pass from the forearm

into the hand.

Abrachium

one or both arms may be absent

Fusion

A joining together of the upper ends of

the radius and ulna, with inability to

supinate or pronate the hand.

Sprengel's Deformity

Elevation and deformity of the scapula