Cell Biology and Microscopy

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to cell biology and microscopy.

Microscopy

The science of using microscopes to view and magnify objects or specimens that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

Microscope

Derived from the Latin 'microscopium' and Greek 'mikros' meaning small, and 'skopein' meaning to look at.

Compound Microscope

Invented by Hans and Zacharias Janssen, consisting of multiple lenses to magnify small specimens.

Cells

Small box-like structures first observed by Robert Hooke, resembling those inhabited by monks, leading to the term 'cells'.

Cell Theory

States that all organisms consist of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure for all organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Nucleus

Central structure in plant and animal cells that houses genetic material.

Prokaryotic Cell

Cells without a membrane-bound nucleus, including features such as cytoplasm, nucleoid, plasmids, and ribosomes.

Eukaryotic Cell

More complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Ribosomes

Complexes of RNA and protein responsible for protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of transport channels in cells with two types: Rough (with ribosomes) and Smooth (without ribosomes) involved in synthesizing proteins and lipids.

Mitotic Cell Division

Process that involves the orderly distribution of chromosomes, noted by Walther Fleming.

Mitochondrion

Double membrane-bound organelle involved in cellular respiration, produces ATP.

Chloroplast

Organelles present in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis.

Cytoskeleton

Network of protein filaments that provide structural support, maintain cell shape, and facilitate movement.

Plasma Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer that forms a selectively permeable barrier around the cell.

Cell Wall

Rigid outer structure in plant, fungal, and protist cells that maintains shape and provides protection.

Cell Modifications

Changes to the cell surface like cilia, flagella, and microvilli that enhance movement and nutrient absorption.

Endomembrane System

A system of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.