AP World History: Global Tapestry to Globalization Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Units 1 through 9 of AP World History based on Heimler's lecture notes.

Confucianism

A philosophy reviving traditional Chinese values during the Song Dynasty that taught human society is hierarchical by nature and composed of unequal relationships.

Filial piety

The practice of honoring one's ancestors and parents.

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy that emerged during the Song Dynasty merging Confucian principles with Buddhist and Daoist philosophical ideas.

Imperial bureaucracy

A large organization of appointed officials in the Song Dynasty that ensured obedience to the emperor, with positions awarded based on merit through civil service exams.

Foot binding

A practice in elite Song Chinese society where women's feet were made smaller to the point of difficulty walking, reinforcing a subordinate status.

Champa rice

A drought-resistant and high-yield crop introduced to China that led to a population boom and increased agricultural output.

The Grand Canal

A major transportation innovation in China that made internal travel and trade cheaper and more efficient.

Theravada Buddhism

The original form of Buddhism that was restricted to monks and a select few followers.

Mahayana Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism where teachings were available to all, emphasizing compassion and treating the Buddha as an object of devotion.

Four Noble Truths

The foundational Buddhist beliefs: 1) life is suffering, 2) suffering comes from craving, 3) suffering ends when craving ends, 4) the Eightfold Path leads to the cessation of suffering.

Seljuk Empire

A state formed by pastoral Turkic people from Central Asia who were originally brought in by the Abbasids as a military force before claiming political power.

Mamluk Sultanate

A Turkic Muslim state established in Egypt after Turkic warriors seized power under the leadership of Saladin.

Sufism

A mystical, experience-based version of Islam that was available to anyone and served as a significant force for the spread of Islam worldwide.

House of Wisdom

An academic center and library established in Baghdad during the Golden Age of Islam for the study of religion and preservation of Greek philosophy.

Bhakti Movement

A Hindu movement that encouraged believers to worship one particular god, rejected traditional hierarchies, and offered spiritual experiences to all people.

Srivijaya Empire

A sea-based Buddhist empire influenced by Hindu culture that controlled the Strait of Malacca and grew wealthy by taxing passing ships.

Mit'a System

An Incan labor system that required everyone to work on state projects, such as mining or military service, for a set period each year.

Cahokia

The largest urban center of the Mississippian culture, known for its extensive mound-building projects.

Feudalism

A European system of allegiances between monarchs, lords, and knights where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service.

Manorialism

An economic system where peasants (serfs) were bound to the land and worked in exchange for protection from the lord.

Caravanserai

Guest houses along the Silk Roads that served as rest areas and centers for cultural diffusion.

Pax Mongolica

A period of relative peace and stability across Eurasia under Mongol rule, which facilitated trade and communication.

Astrolabe

A navigational tool that allowed sailors to determine their latitude and longitude by measuring the position of the stars.

Lateen sail

A triangular-shaped sail developed by Arab merchants that allowed ships to take wind in any direction.

Diasporic communities

Groups of people living outside their homeland who establish new homes while retaining their cultural customs, facilitating trade.

Mansa Musa

A Muslim ruler of Mali known for his pilgrimage to Mecca, during which he distributed so much gold in Egypt that its value plummeted.

Devshirme system

An Ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting Christian boys to be trained as elite soldiers (Janissaries) or government bureaucrats.

Zamindars

Local landowners in the Mughal Empire who were responsible for collecting taxes for the central government.

95 Theses

A list of complaints against the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church authored by Martin Luther, sparking the Protestant Reformation.

Sikhism

A syncretic religion originating in South Asia that blended elements of Hinduism and Islam.

Mercantilism

An economic system emphasizing the buildup of mineral wealth by maintaining a favorable balance of trade, where exports exceed imports.

Encomienda system

A Spanish labor system where indigenous Americans were forced to provide labor for colonial authorities in exchange for food and protection.

Casta System

A racial hierarchy in the Spanish Americas that organized society based on heredity, with Peninsulares at the top and indigenous/Africans at the bottom.

Social Contract

The Enlightenment idea that people give up some rights to a government that exists solely to protect their natural rights.

Meiji Restoration

A period in Japan involving defensive industrialization and the adoption of Western technology and education to resist foreign domination.

Social Darwinism

An ideology applying the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies, used to justify Western imperialism.

Berlin Conference

An 1884-1885 meeting where European powers negotiated the division of Africa without the presence of any African leaders.

Total War

A conflict that requires the mobilization of a country's entire population and resources, treating any civilian or military asset as a viable target.

Bolsheviks

A political party led by Vladimir Lenin that seized power during the Russian Revolution of 1917 to establish a communist state.

The Great Depression

A global economic crisis triggered by the 1929 stock market crash in the United States, leading to widespread unemployment and instability.

Fascism

A political philosophy characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarian leadership, and the use of militarism to achieve state goals.

Marshall Plan

A U.S. program that provided $12$ billion in economic aid to Europe after WWII to prevent communist revolutions and rebuild economies.

Perestroika

A policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev to restructure the Soviet economy by allowing elements of free enterprise.

Green Revolution

A mid-20th-century series of agricultural innovations, including genetic engineering and crossbreeding, that dramatically increased global food production.